METHODS OF FORMING FINANCIAL LITERACY OF A STUDENT

МЕТОДЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ ШКОЛЬНИКА

Григорьева Дарья Юрьевна

студент, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет» (НИУ «БелГУ»),

РФ, г. Белгород

Богачев Роман Евгеньевич

научный руководитель, канд. филол. наук, доц., Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет» (НИУ «БелГУ»),

РФ, г. Белгород

ABSTRACT

This article examines effective methods of developing financial literacy among schoolchildren, focusing on practical approaches that contribute to the formation of financial thinking skills. The main methods mentioned by the author are conversation, explanation, as well as various creative and analytical techniques such as idea matrix, role-playing, analogy, association, and brainstorming.

The key idea of the article is that in order to successfully master financial concepts and skills, it is necessary to apply a variety of teaching methods, each of which has its own characteristics and advantages. For example, the idea matrix technique allows you to analyze various minutes of decision-making, evaluating parameters such as resources and deadlines, which makes it possible to find the most rational solutions in conditions of limited opportunities. Getting used to the role helps students better understand the real conditions in which their projects will be implemented, which in turn contributes to a deeper understanding of the tasks.

The analogy and association method helps students form new ideas and solutions for financial projects based on their knowledge of existing analogues and associations. At the same time, the brainstorming method creates a space for generating ideas and discussing them, which strengthens collective interaction among participants and develops creative thinking.

The article also highlights the practical application of these methods through projects related to children's entrepreneurship, where students can create tangible products and participate in social actions. The funds received teach children not only how to earn money, but also how to share it with those who need help, which creates a sense of social responsibility for them.

Thus, the article highlights not only the importance of financial literacy in the modern world, but also the need for an integrated approach to school education, which includes both theoretical and practical elements. These methods contribute not only to the development of financial skills, but also to the formation of a responsible attitude towards money, which is of great importance for the future of young people.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье рассматриваются эффективные методы развития финансовой грамотности у школьников, акцентируя внимание на практических подходах, способствующих формированию навыков финансового мышления. Основными методами, упомянутыми автором, являются беседа, объяснение, а также различные творческие и аналитические методики, такие как матрица идей, вживание в роль, метод аналогии, ассоциации и мозгового штурма.

Ключевая мысль статьи заключается в том, что для успешного освоения финансовых понятий и навыков необходимо применять разнообразные методы обучения, каждый из которых имеет свои особенности и преимущества. Например, методика матрицы идей позволяет анализировать различные минуты принятия решения, оценивая параметры, такие как ресурсы и сроки, что предоставляет возможность находить наиболее рациональные решения в условиях ограниченных возможностей. Вживание в роль помогает учащимся лучше понять реальные условия, в которых будут реализовываться их проекты, что в свою очередь способствует более глубокому осмыслению задач.

Метод аналогии и ассоциации помогают учащимся на основе знания о существующих аналогах и ассоциациях формировать новые идеи и решения для финансовых проектов. При этом метод мозгового штурма создает пространство для генерации идей и их обсуждения, что укрепляет коллективное взаимодействие среди участников и развивает креативное мышление.

Статья также освещает практическое применение этих методов через проекты, связанные с детским предпринимательством, где школьники могут создавать материальные продукты и участвовать в социальных акциях. Полученные средства учат детей не только зарабатывать, но и делиться с теми, кто нуждается в помощи, что формирует у них чувство социальной ответственности.

Таким образом, в статье подчеркивается не только важность финансовой грамотности в современном мире, но и необходимость комплексного подхода к обучению школьников, который включает в себя как теоретические, так и практические элементы. Эти методы способствуют не только развитию финансовых навыков, но и формированию ответственного отношения к деньгам, что имеет значительное значение для будущего молодых людей.

Keywords: development methods, matrix method, implantation method, analogy method, association method, brainstorming method.

Ключевые слова: методы развития, методика матрицы, методика вживания, метод аналогии, метод ассоциации, методика мозгового штурма.

Effective methods of developing financial literacy in schoolchildren are: conversation, explanation, the method of the matrix of ideas, the method of getting used to the role, the method of analogy, the method of association, the method of brainstorming, the method of synectics. Let's take a closer look at some of them. [1]

The idea matrix methodology involves the compilation of various solutions based on several independent variables. Usually, the development of a social project depends on the complexity and priority of the tasks set, on the time frame within which it is required to implement the plan, as well as on material, labor and financial resources. By calculating the options from these variables, it is possible to determine the most effective way to implement the project under the given conditions. This important technique is used, as a rule, with limited opportunities.

The technique of getting used to the role helps to get a more accurate idea of what needs to be done in the design process. This is not just looking into the projected future, but an effort to better understand how the project will be implemented. Today, any problem requires taking into account the interests and desires of people, and this is best achieved when the designer carefully examines the conditions in which the process takes place. [2]

The method of analogy is a general scientific and logical method by which, on the basis of similarity, similarity of objects in any properties, signs or relationships, an assumption (forecast) is formulated about the presence of these properties, signs or relationships in a phenomenon that is the object of design.

Association method: when preparing a project, it is often necessary to make a new decision. This raises the question of how to improve the situation and find a more rational and effective way of managing it. Taking into account the accumulated knowledge, approaches are being developed that make it possible to seriously modify the object of influence, i.e. not only forms are affected, but also essential substantive elements. The association method involves a combination of adaptation, modification, and complete reorganization techniques.

The brainstorming technique is a connection with the generation of ideas, with their equal competition, with the possibility of comparison. It is carried out through communicative interaction, in which various projects are discussed, assessments, examination of facts, and polemic of opinions are carried out.

Social design in combination with children's entrepreneurship can be expressed in the creation of tangible products (crafts, souvenirs, toys, etc.), the organization of school fairs, etc. The funds received are divided into two streams: part is left for the purchase of consumables, part of the funds is directed to solving a social problem. This can be financial assistance to those in dire need, the purchase of seedlings for landscaping, gifts for veterans, etc. [3]

References:

1. Dortman S.R. International review of the development and implementation of national strategies for improving financial literacy // Bulletin of the Expert Council. 2018. – 207 с.
2. Korlyugova Yu.N. Financial literacy: methodological recommendations for teachers, Moscow: VITA–PRESS, 2014. - 64 с.
3. Paatova M.E., Daurova M.Sh. Financial literacy of children and youth as an urgent task of modern education // Vector of Science TSU. 2014. № 2 (28).
4. Rutkovskaya E.L. Factors of formation of financial literacy of schoolchildren // Domestic and foreign pedagogy. 2017. – 134 с.