COMPARISON IN A POETIC TEXT (BASED ON COMPARISONS WITH THE CONJUNCTION “HOW” IN THE WORK OF A. BLOK)

ABSTRACT

This article examines the work of the Silver Age poet A. Blok, namely comparative phrases with the union as. The comparison data is grouped depending on what is being compared. This allows us to determine which areas of life the author most often addresses in his literary text and what images he verbally reveals through comparisons.

Keywords: poetic text, comparison, realia, subject of comparison, object of comparison.

Comparison is one of the most expressive artistic means that gives the poetic text brightness, imagery and expressiveness. This stylistic means contributes to the understanding and interpretation of the artistic world - playing an important role in the formation of artistic thinking, helps the reader to analyze and understand works of literature. Comparison is an indispensable element of any culture, representing an image. The subject of study of linguistic science is comparative turnover as a way of expressing comparison. Thus, the Russian linguist, Doctor of Philological Sciences M.I. Cheremisina, studying the comparative turn, interprets it as a word form without a predicate, which is introduced into the text with the help of comparative conjunctions “as if”, “as if”, “as if”, “exactly”, “than”. Thus, the comparative turn is a figurative verbal expression, equating one phenomenon of reality to another on the basis of highlighting a common feature. [1, p. 160].

In this context, A. Blok's poetic texts are of special interest. He actively uses in his work comparative turns with the conjunction as. Comparisons with this conjunction, as well as any other comparisons, make it possible to determine the features of the described object, likening it to another object on the basis of some feature. Accordingly, when describing the comparative turns in the poetry of A. A. Blok, it makes sense to use the traditional use of the conjunction as. A. Blok's poetry it makes sense to use the traditional linguistic terminology: the subject of comparison (what is compared), the object of comparison (what is compared to) and the basis of comparison. [3, p. 33]. Having analyzed different types of comparisons in Blok's poem, we thought it would be expedient to start talking about their differentiation depending on what is the object of comparison. This will allow us to give an idea about the peculiarities of the individual-author's picture of the world of the artist of the word, about what images he verbally reveals through comparisons.

According to our observations, the most numerous group is the comparative turns characterizing the inner state of the lyrical hero, more often the lyrical heroine. The object of comparison of this group in A. Blok's poetic texts is mainly the realities of the natural world and everyday objects. In the poem “She was young and beautiful...” A.A. Blok uses several consecutive comparative turns in the description of the heroine, which should help to convey the mood of the lyrical hero and his feelings.

"She was young and beautiful

"And pure madonna still remains,

Like the mirror of a calm river, bright.

How my heart was torn!.....

She was as carefree as the blue distance,

Like a swan asleep she seemed;

Who knows, there may have been sadness.

How my heart was torn!.....

When she sang to me of love,

The song was a song that resonated in my soul,

But passion was not in her blood.

How my heart was torn...”. [2, p. 51].

The subject of the comparison is a young girl - she. However, textual comparisons refer not so much to the description of the girl as to her behavior. This is absolute calmness, as evidenced by the elements of the extended comparison (calm, carefree, asleep): She <...> Like the mirror of a calm river, light; She is carefree like the blue distance, Like a swan asleep.

The heroine is experiencing peace and tranquility, her carefree nature is presented as a marvelous, quiet and calm fragment of nature - the mirror of the river, the blue distance, a swan asleep, but the more expressive and contrasting is the poetic refrain How my heart was breaking!.... For the lyrical hero it is indifference.

No less expressive are comparisons, the subject of which are human body parts. The object of comparison is not just the plant, household and animal world, but the poetic world. The spring wind and poems are an image of freedom, lightness and joy, which are so dear to the lyrical hero.

"When her heart's speech reaches her heart,

"and her perfume will be intoxicated,

"And I'll fall in love with eyes and shoulders,

Like the wind, like the poetry." [2, p. 34].

It should be noted how differently the comparisons represent the lyrical heroines.

If in the first poetic text the frozen image of nature is the image of sleeping love, if in the second - love-article (intoxicating perfume, spring wind, poems), then in the next lyrical heroine merges with nature, she is nature itself. It is interesting that the adjective resinous can refer both to the heroine (black hair) and to the pine tree - resinous:

"That's what I thought. And then she came

And stood on the slope. Her eyes were red

Her eyes were red from sun and sand.

"And her hair, resinous as pine trees,

In the blue tides fell on her shoulders." [2, p. 46].

Next, we singled out a group of comparisons denoting the emotional state of the characters in a certain situation. Most of these comparisons are point comparisons, laconic, in which the object of comparison is a certain process, feeling, desire.

"I dreamt of you again, in flowers,

On a noisy stage,

Mad as passion, calm as a dream,

And I, defeated, kneeled on my knees

And thought, “Happiness is there, I'm conquered again!” [2, p. 98].

The subject of comparison in this poetic text is the characteristics of the lyrical hero's beloved (represented in the poetic text as you). The basis of comparison is the ambivalence of the heroine's character, her fickleness; accordingly, the lexemes conveying the state as the object of comparison are contextually antonymous (passion, sleep). She can be passionate, attracted, but at the same time peaceful and calm.

The last group of comparisons, which we have selected, consists of comparisons that express the author's assessment of the actions, deeds and life style of individual lyrical characters. In this group we most often find comparisons that tend to be stable, or in B.M. Tomashevsky's terminology, habitual.

"So, every day she grows old,

And every year, like a yellow leaf,

It seems, and remembers, and imagines,

That the autumns of yesteryear were not so sad." [2, p. 73].

The object of comparison in this example is a yellow leaf as a symbol of outlived love and the end of life. In general, all shades of this color are a symbol of harmony and peace, purity, primordiality and imminent end. It always performs the function of high poetization and romanticization of the image. Compared to other colors, yellow color is found in the poetry of A. Blok. Blok's poetry in no more than 40 poems.

Thus, having analyzed some poetic texts of the Silver Age poet A. Blok, we can conclude that the comparative turn plays a great role in his poems, helping the reader to imagine the described picture. Also comparison, along with symbols, is a feature of A. Blok's idiostyle. Any text is a subject of interest for scholars of various fields: philologists, linguists, literary scholars, historians, and others. To create an image in the text there are certain techniques, one of which is the author's use of comparative turns.

References:

1. Cheremisina M. I. Comparative constructions of the Russian language. - Novosibirsk: NSU, 1976 - 270 p.
2. Poems about the Beautiful Lady: [poems, poems] / Alexander Blok. - SPb.: Amfora. TID Amfora; M.: ID Komsomolskaya Pravda, 2012. - 238 с.
3. Bakina M.A., Nekrasova E.A. Evolution of poetic speech of XIX- XX centuries. Periphrasis. Comparison. - Moscow: Nauka, 1986. - 192 с.