PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PERSONALITY FORMATION.

ABSTRACT

This article examines the influence of physical culture and sports on the formation of personality. The text of the article discusses various aspects of this influence, ranging from physical health and physical activity to psychological well-being and social adaptation. In addition, the author analyzes the influence of sports on the formation of social skills. In general, the article emphasizes that physical culture and sports play an important role in the formation of personality, contributing to the development of personal qualities and self-realization.

Keywords: sport, physical culture, personality, personal qualities, personality psychology.

Since ancient times, physical activity and strength have helped humans survive in the wild. At some point in the development of human history, people learned to compare the level of physical skills with the level of strength. The concept of exercise, repetitiveness of actions to improve the result appeared. Competitive endurance and physical superiority games began to be held [1].  Ancient Greece was one of the first to give mass development to sports competition, holding the first Olympic Games since 776 BC. It can be said that this is how the basis of physical education was born.

Now sports and physical culture are everywhere present in human life: in kindergarten, in educational institutions, professional sports, gyms, etc. Physical activity helps to improve your body, strengthen your health, manage the motor activity of your body.

Sport plays an especially important role in childhood, laying down qualities such as discipline, perseverance, will, which in turn helps the individual throughout his life. Teaching a child to play sports is necessary for harmonious development. If a person does not get acquainted with physical culture at the beginning of his life, then it will be difficult for him to start and accustom himself to sports in adulthood.

However, purposeful sports and physical education involve not only the improvement of certain physical skills and abilities, but also mental qualities, character traits involved in the formation of a person's personality. Nowadays, physical culture and sports are a multifaceted, multifunctional social phenomenon [5, p. 286].

Playing sports requires qualities such as discipline, perseverance, self-control, and striving to achieve goals. They help to develop motivation, perseverance and self-discipline, which in turn contributes to the formation of a strong and stable personality. The rules adjust the psychology of the athlete. They require him to demonstrate specific physical qualities, volitional efforts, and control emotional arousal in each sport. The need for this manifestation of properties and qualities inevitably leads to their development. An athlete develops the ability to act with full force when there is no desire and strength. He learns to control his mood and emotions, to cope with excitement, that is, he masters the ability of self-management, self-control. He does all this consciously in order to achieve the best result in the competition. Thus, improving in sports, a person improves comprehensively [4, p. 131].

In addition, sports and physical activity contribute to socialization and the development of communication skills. Participating in team sports or training in a group helps to establish contacts with other people, develop cooperation skills, learn how to work in a team and make decisions. This is especially important in personality formation, as the ability to interact with other people and the ability to find a common language with them are important social skills. The function of social integration and socialization of personality in sports is one of the powerful factors of involving people in public life, bringing them closer and uniting them into groups, organizations, unions, clubs based on common interests [5, p. 287].

It is important to note that in the process of playing sports, the coach also influences the formation of personality. Coaches play a key role in this process, as their influence extends far beyond the training ground. Coaches can help students develop self-esteem, leadership and collaboration skills. They can contribute to the development of a healthy lifestyle and instilling the right habits. Coaches can help students overcome physical and emotional barriers during training. However, there are also negative provisions: the emphasis of the coach's activity only on sports results leads to the fact that the athlete is evaluated only through the prism of specific athletic qualities. At the same time, the personality of a young athlete will turn from a subject of psychological and pedagogical influence into a means of achieving the personal goals of the coach. It is in this case that the educational work for the coach loses all meaning, which negatively affects the formation of the personality of a young athlete. [6, p. 12].

Finally, physical education and sports contribute to the development of self-esteem and self-confidence. Improving physical fitness, achieving athletic results and overcoming your own limits help to strengthen self-confidence and increase self-esteem. This is especially important in the period of personality formation, when young people are looking for their place in society and strive for self-realization. It can also be noted that a common place for many definitions aimed at determining the objective content of sports is an indication of competitiveness as the most important feature of sports [2, p. 4]. In the competitive activity of sports games, it requires the manifestation of strong-willed qualities and character and the desire for high results in order to defeat an opponent. Thanks to this, sport gives a person the opportunity to know himself, his individuality. Comparing one's own results and those of an opponent, which is the basis of competitive interaction, is an important point in the manifestation of such a human ability as self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is an integral part of personal formation, German social philosopher V. Dilthey described it this way: "Only in comparing myself with others do I know the individual in me: I am aware only of what is different in me from another" [3].

In conclusion, it is safe to say that physical education and sports have a significant impact on personality formation. They contribute to the development of physical and psychological, social qualities of a person, increase self-esteem and self-confidence, as well as strengthen discipline. Thus, physical culture and sports are an integral part of every person's life, contributing to their harmonious development and success in various spheres of life.

References:

1. 4 theories of sports development [Electronic resource]. URL: https://dzen.ru/a/Xf9sx-bLmwCxgY7b?referrer_clid=1400 & (date of reference: 10/22/2023).
2. Visitey, N. The main trends in the influence of sports on personality / N. Visitey, V. Daragan // Science and sport: modern trends. – 2016. – No. 3. – pp. 3-12.
3. Diltey Wilhelm [Electronic resource]. URL: https://socio.rin.ru/cgi-bin/article.pl?id=299 (accessed 10/22/2023).
4. Zhurova I.A. The influence of sports on personality formation / I.A. Zhurova // Interexpo Geo-Siberia. - 2014. – No. 2. – pp. 129-132.
5. Novikov, V.A. The role of physical culture and sports in the development of personality / V.A. Novikov, A.V. Agaryshev, A.N. Vorobyov // Scientific notes of Lesgaft University. – 2021. – No. 5. – pp. 282-287.
6. Rogaleva Lyudmila Nikolaevna. The influence of sports and coach's attitudes on the personality of a young athlete : Dis. ... cand. Psychological sciences : 19.00.01 Moscow, 1999 145 p. RGB OD, 61:99-19/140-7