USAGE OF OXYMORONS IN VARIOUS FORMS OF ART

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОКСЮМОРОНА В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДАХ ИСКУССТВА

Талғатқызы Назерке

студент, гуманитарно-юридический факультет, университет «Туран»,

РК, г. Алматы

Досмухамбетова Адия Талгатовна

студент, гуманитарно-юридический факультет, университет «Туран»,

РК, г. Алматы

Абенова Томирис Нурлановна

студент, гуманитарно-юридический факультет, университет «Туран»,

РК, г. Алматы

ABSTRACT

This scientific article aims to explore the concept of oxymoron as it manifests across various forms of art. Oxymoron, a rhetorical device that juxtaposes seemingly contradictory terms, has been employed by artists, writers, musicians, and filmmakers to create thought-provoking and aesthetically pleasing works. This article will delve into the history, significance, and diverse applications of oxymorons in art, providing a comprehensive analysis of their role and impact on different artistic disciplines.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Эта научная статья направлена на исследование оксюморона, как он проявляется в различных формах искусства. Оксюморон, риторическое устройство, которое сопоставляет кажущиеся противоречивыми термины, было использовано художниками, писателями, музыкантами и кинематографистами, чтобы создать вдохновляющие мысли и эстетически приятные произведения. В этой статье будет подробно рассмотрена история, значение и различные применения оксюморона в искусстве, предоставив всесторонний анализ его роли и влияния на различные художественные дисциплины.

Keywords: oxymoron, art, music, cinematography.

Ключевые слова: оксюморон, искусство, музыка, кинематография.

An oxymoron is a literary device or figure of speech in which two seemingly contradictory or opposite words or ideas are combined to create a new, often paradoxical, meaning. The purpose of using an oxymoron is to generate a thought-provoking or striking expression that highlights a complex or ironic aspect of a situation, character, or concept. Oxymorons are commonly used in literature, poetry, rhetoric, and everyday language to add depth, complexity, or humor to expressions. They can also serve to highlight the contradictory nature of certain concepts or situations.

Oxymoron, a rhetorical device that juxtaposes contradictory terms, has found a profound resonance in art, transcending the boundaries of medium and genre. While it has long been celebrated for its role in literary discourse, the oxymoron's influence extends far beyond the written word, making indelible marks in visual arts, music, film, and beyond. Art, as a limitless canvas for human creativity and expression, has a remarkable ability to juxtapose seemingly incongruous elements, much like the striking convergence of opposites within the linguistic construct of an oxymoron. This scientific article embarks on a journey to unravel the nuanced tapestry of oxymorons in art, delving into its rich history, multifaceted applications, and profound significance within the realm of creative expression.

The relevance of the topic of the use of oxymorons in various art forms is justified by several key factors. Artists and creators in various fields of art have always sought ways to express complex ideas and emotions. Oxymoron provides them with a powerful tool for this, allowing them to combine seemingly contradictory elements and create unique and inspiring works. The use of oxymorons in art allows artists and authors to address philosophical and cultural themes. It can be used to express complex concepts, including contradictions within society, human nature, and the meaning of life. The presence of the oxymoron in art promotes intellectual stimulation of viewers and listeners. It encourages analysis and discussion of art, as well as reflection on the deep ideas contained in the work. Oxymoron can create emotional tension in art, making it a more memorable and effective means of communication. This can attract attention and arouse the reaction of viewers. Modern art always tends to innovate and unique approaches. Oxymoron remains a vital tool for artists, musicians, writers, and directors who are looking for new ways to express their ideas and explore the complexities of the modern world. The use of the oxymoron in art can trigger critical reflection on how we perceive and interpret art. This may encourage society to discuss important issues and to reflect on different viewpoints. All these factors confirm the relevance of the topic of the use of oxymoron in various forms of art. It continues to be interesting and important for artists, researchers, and the public and contributes to the enrichment of cultural and intellectual experience.

Research on oxymorons as a stylistic device in linguistics is a well-established area of study within the broader field of rhetoric and literary analysis. Numerous scholars have explored the concept of oxymoron, its functions, and its impact on language and communication. Previous research in linguistics has provided a rich foundation for understanding oxymoron as a stylistic device, shedding light on its multifaceted nature and its enduring presence in language and literature. Researchers continue to build upon these findings, exploring new dimensions of oxymoron in various linguistic and cultural contexts. The scientific novelty of this scientific work lies in the fact that it analyzes the use of the oxymoron in art, in its different manifestations.

The object of the study is art in its various manifestations, including literature, film, music, painting, and other expressive forms.

The study focuses on the role and influence of oxymorons in art, their use, effects, and impact on the audience.

Goals and objectives include reviewing and analyzing the use of oxymorons in various forms of art; identifying common and unique features of the use of oxymorons in each art form; exploring how oxymorons help to create complex images and emotional depth in art; analyzing audience response to works of art including oxymorons; assessing the creative potential of oxymorons in modern art and their role in the formation of meaning and perception.

An oxymoron is a rhetorical or literary device that combines two contradictory or opposing words or ideas to create a paradoxical or thought-provoking effect. Oxymorons are often used to express complex or contradictory emotions, emphasize a particular point, or create a memorable and impactful phrase.

Common examples of oxymorons include phrases like “small crowd” (an apparent contradiction, as crowds are typically associated with a large number of people), “painful relief” (expresses the idea that relief from a difficult situation can also be accompanied by emotional pain or sorrow), “civilian-military” (an oxymoron used to describe a situation where civilians are associated with military activities or organizations), and “deafening silence” (merging "deafening" and "silence" to emphasize an oppressive quietness). These examples of oxymorons showcase the diversity and creativity of this linguistic device in expressing paradoxes or complex ideas.

Oxymorons are commonly found in literature, poetry, rhetoric, and everyday language, and they serve to challenge conventional thinking, engage the reader or listener, and encourage contemplation of the paradoxical nature of the words or ideas being juxtaposed.

People use oxymorons in the art for several compelling reasons. First of all, emotional complexity: oxymorons allow artists to convey emotional complexity by juxtaposing contradictory elements. This creates a layered emotional experience for the audience, drawing them into a deeper exploration of the artwork's themes.

Secondly, intellectual and linguistic engagement: oxymorons challenge the viewer or audience's intellectual faculties by presenting seemingly opposing ideas. This engagement encourages critical thinking and a closer examination of the work. Oxymorons in the art can evoke a wide range of emotions, from surprise and intrigue to contemplation and introspection. They stimulate thought and encourage viewers to delve deeper into the work's meaning. Oxymorons showcase the artistic use of language and rhetoric as well. Artists often revel in the beauty and power of language, and oxymorons exemplify this mastery.

Thirdly, they depict a visual or aesthetic impact and aesthetic innovation: in visual art, an oxymoron can create a striking visual effect by bringing together elements that contrast in terms of color, shape, or form. this can captivate viewers and enhance the overall aesthetic appeal. Artists frequently use oxymorons to push the boundaries of conventional artistic expression. They encourage innovation and experimentation in art, ensuring that it remains fresh and relevant. In visual arts, it may involve the juxtaposition of colors, shapes, or objects. In music, it can be expressed through contrasting melodies, rhythms, or lyrics. In literature, it is often found in the juxtaposition of words or phrases.

Moreover, for symbolism and metaphor: oxymorons can carry deep symbolic or metaphorical meanings, adding layers to the work's interpretation. They can represent the complexities of life, human nature, or societal issues.

In addition, they are used to evoke contradictory ideas: oxymorons can draw attention to the contradictions inherent in life, society, or human existence. It is one of its primary aims: to create a paradoxical effect that sparks curiosity, contemplation, or emotional response. It introduces a tension or ambiguity that encourages viewers to explore the complexities within the artwork and to contemplate these contradictions and their significance.

And lastly, oxymorons are used for cultural and social commentary: in both traditional and contemporary art, oxymorons can be used to comment on cultural or social issues. They may highlight tensions, hypocrisies, or paradoxes within a particular context.

Overall, oxymoron in the context of art is a powerful and versatile creative tool that enables artists to infuse their works with complexity, depth, and resonance. Whether employed subtly or boldly, it invites viewers to engage with the artwork on a deeper level, unraveling the intriguing interplay of contradictions and exploring the layers of meaning it offers.

Artists use oxymorons in their paintings by incorporating visual elements that create a paradoxical or thought-provoking effect. While oxymorons are more commonly associated with language and literature, they can also be conveyed through visual art.

Artists may juxtapose contrasting colors in a way that creates tension or visual paradoxes. For example, combining warm and cool colors in a single composition can create a dynamic and contradictory visual experience. They may also combine disparate or contradictory elements within the same painting. For instance, they could depict a serene natural landscape with unexpected elements of urbanization, conveying the conflict between nature and civilization. Some artists create visual oxymorons by employing optical illusions, such as impossible shapes or figures. These illusions challenge the viewer's perception and create paradoxical visual effects. Creators may use ambiguous or paradoxical symbolism in their paintings. For example, a clock with hands moving in opposite directions can symbolize the passage of time in a contradictory manner. Oxymorons can be used to convey complex emotional states. An artist might portray a subject with contrasting expressions, such as a smiling face with tears, to evoke a sense of emotional contradiction. Contrasts between light and shadow can be used to create visual oxymorons, emphasizing the play of opposites and highlighting the interplay between elements. Artists might use reflective surfaces or distortions to create visual paradoxes. For example, a distorted reflection in water can create a contradictory, otherworldly effect. Modern-day creators often use photography and digital techniques to create oxymoronic images. Double exposures or overlays can merge two contrasting scenes, adding complexity and depth to the composition. Surrealist artists, in particular, are known for creating paintings that juxtapose incongruous or paradoxical elements to evoke a dreamlike, irrational quality. Some artists use oxymorons metaphorically, incorporating visual elements that metaphorically represent contradictions, paradoxes, or complex ideas. The use of oxymorons in painting can engage the viewer on both an emotional and intellectual level, encouraging contemplation of the contrasting elements and their deeper significance within the artwork. This approach adds layers of meaning and complexity to the visual experience and can be a powerful tool for artistic expression.

Oftentimes, an oxymoron is found not in composition itself, but rather in the title of the work. For instance, a painting named “Infinity’s Edge” by Hiranthi Jayasundara was created in 2019. "infinity's Edge" is an example of an oxymoron. It combines "infinity," which represents an idea of endlessness or boundlessness, with "edge," which signifies a boundary or limit. By bringing together these contradictory terms, "infinity's edge" creates a paradoxical effect and emphasizes the idea of approaching the limits or boundaries of something that is typically considered limitless. Another example of an oxymoron is a Russian oil painter’s artwork called “Alone Together”. “Alone Together” is a statement that appears contradictory on the surface but may reveal a deeper truth or a complex situation. It suggests being in the physical presence of others but feeling isolated or disconnected, which is a common experience in the modern world, particularly with the prevalence of technology and social media. This phrase emphasizes the tension between being in a group or with others and the experience of solitude or emotional distance, without directly contradicting the words themselves. Painted by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya in 1791-2, 'Little Giants' stands as one of his renowned works. Goya celebrated for his ability to convey socio-political themes in his art, uses this painting to depict a giant assuming an aggressive stance. In doing so, he offers a critical commentary on the prevailing social norms and injustices of the era. Here the term "little giants" can be considered an oxymoron. It juxtaposes "little," which implies smallness or diminutive size, with "giants," which typically represent enormous or significant figures. This contrast creates a paradoxical effect, highlighting the idea of something being both small and significant or powerful, which is characteristic of an oxymoron.

Oxymorons are commonly used in literature. They are literary devices that involve the juxtaposition of two contradictory or opposing words or ideas to create a specific effect. Oxymorons can be used for various purposes in literature, including creating vivid imagery, highlighting paradoxes, eliciting emotional responses, and adding depth to the language.

There is an example of an oxymoron in Sheldon Allan Silverstein’s (an American writer and poet) poem called “Where the Sidewalk Ends”. There’s a line in the poem that goes like this:

“Let us leave this place where the smoke blows black

And the dark street winds and bends.”

In this line, “A smoke blows black" can be considered an oxymoron. It combines "smoke," which is often associated with the color black or dark hues, with the verb "blows," suggesting motion and possibly a different color. The juxtaposition of "black" and "blows" creates a paradoxical effect, emphasizing the unexpected image of black smoke in motion. This oxymoron can be used to convey a sense of pollution, danger, or a situation where something normally associated with lightness or transparency becomes dark or opaque.

Another example of an oxymoron can be found in a poem named “The Mother” written by Gwendolyn Brooks.

“If I poisoned the beginnings of your breaths,

Believe that even in my deliberateness I was not deliberate.”

The phrase "deliberateness I was not deliberate" combines "deliberateness" (the state of being intentional or careful) with "not deliberate" (lacking intention or care), creating a contrast and a paradox. This use of an oxymoron emphasizes the complexity or ambivalence of the speaker's actions or intentions in the poem.

Elements of oxymoron can be found in the titles of profound works of literature as well. “War and Peace” is a title that represents the dual themes of Leo Tolstoy's novel of the same name. While "war" and "peace" are opposing concepts, their combination in this title is not meant to create a contradiction but rather to suggest the broad scope of the novel, which explores the complex interplay between the two themes and their impact on society and individuals. It's a title that reflects the duality and breadth of the story.

Another example of an oxymoron in the title is "Living Dead in Dallas", the second installment in Charlaine Harris' highly acclaimed series, "The Southern Vampire Mysteries," also recognized as the "Sookie Stackhouse novels." These books have achieved New York Times bestseller status and have also become known as the "True Blood novels" in more recent times. “Living dead" is a common example of an oxymoron. It combines "living," which denotes being alive or having life, with "dead," which signifies the absence of life. The juxtaposition of these contradictory words creates a paradoxical effect and is often used to describe fictional creatures like zombies or vampires, who appear to be dead but are still animated or possess some form of life.

“The Fault in Our Stars" by John Green also contains an oxymoron. The phrase "fault in our stars" juxtaposes "fault," which implies something negative or problematic, with "stars," which are often associated with positivity, inspiration, and hope. This contrast between "fault" and "stars" creates a paradoxical effect and is a key element in the novel's exploration of the complexities of life, love, and suffering.

These titles demonstrate how oxymorons can be employed to create intrigue, emphasize contrasts, and set the tone for the content of the books or stories. Oxymorons are a valuable literary device that writers use to add depth, complexity, and rhetorical power to their works, allowing readers to engage with and reflect on the text more deeply.

Films, much like classic literature, make use of oxymorons as a powerful tool in cinematography. Oxymorons in the context of filmmaking refer to the incorporation of contrasting or contradictory elements within the visual language of a movie. This technique serves to add depth, convey intricate themes, and provoke emotional impact. Filmmakers harness oxymorons to captivate audiences, challenge conventional storytelling, and introduce complexity into their narratives.

One way films employ oxymorons is by intentionally blending genres that might initially appear contradictory. This can result in unique combinations, such as a romantic comedy infused with elements of horror, or a crime thriller with subtle comedic undertones. These unexpected genre fusions can provide fresh perspectives and keep viewers engaged.

Characters in films are often designed to embody oxymoronic qualities, which makes them more multifaceted and captivating. For instance, a character might project a tough exterior while harboring vulnerability underneath. This duality adds depth to the characters, making their journey all the more intriguing.

Oxymorons can also be used to describe the film's setting and atmosphere. A film might present a seemingly serene and picturesque environment with an underlying dark and unsettling side. The TV series "Twin Peaks" is a prime example of this technique, creating an oxymoronic ambiance within the story.

Symbolism in films can be enriched through the use of oxymorons. For instance, the juxtaposition of fire and water in "Apocalypse Now" symbolizes the themes of life and death. Visionary filmmakers like David Lynch and Luis Buñuel often employ surreal and symbolic imagery to immerse viewers in an oxymoronic dreamlike reality.

The plot structure of a film can also incorporate oxymorons, challenge linear storytelling, and defy conventional expectations. Relationships between characters may explore oxymoronic dynamics, such as love-hate relationships or mentor-student connections infused with elements of rivalry. These narrative choices contribute to the complexity and depth of the film's storytelling.

The title of a film itself can be an oxymoron, creating intrigue and setting the tone. For example, “Rebel without a Cause”, a film starring James Dean, was released in 1995. Rebel Without a Cause" contains an oxymoron. The phrase "rebel without a cause" juxtaposes "rebel," which typically implies a person who resists or opposes authority or convention, with "without a cause," which suggests a lack of a specific reason or purpose for rebellion. This contrast creates a paradoxical effect, highlighting the idea of a person who rebels or defies social norms without a clear, justifiable motive. The film explores themes of teenage rebellion and identity.

Oxymorons are also often found in dialogues and soundtracks of the film. For instance, in "The Lion King," the song "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" contains a line that serves as an example of an oxymoron: "I'm brushing up on looking down." Simba sings this line to express his eagerness to become king, even though it suggests that being king mainly involves looking down on others who serve him. The phrase takes on new meaning later in the film when Simba faces the reality of his responsibilities and runs away.

While not strictly oxymorons, there are other contradictions and humorous moments throughout the song. For instance, Simba brags about his mighty mane, to which Zazu responds with a humorous contrast, "Thus far a rather uninspiring thing." This highlights the disparity between Simba's aspirations and the reality he currently faces.

Oxymorons in cinematography add depth, complexity, and layers of meaning to the visual storytelling of films. They serve as a tool for filmmakers to challenge conventions, provoke thought, and create a unique cinematic experience for the audience.

Oxymorons in music can add magnitude, sophistication, and emotional resonance to songs and compositions. They involve the juxtaposition of contradictory or opposing elements, creating a unique and thought-provoking effect.

Oxymorons find their way into music in various ways, offering depth and complexity to both lyrics and compositions. Musicians can infuse oxymorons into the very fabric of their music. A piece might blend contrasting elements like fast and slow tempos, loud and soft dynamics, or dissonance and consonance in harmonies.

In song lyrics, oxymorons are a tool for expressing conflicting emotions or ideas. For instance, The Verve's song "Bitter Sweet Symphony" uses the oxymoron "bittersweet" to capture life's intricate and contradictory nature.

In his song "All of Me," singer John Legend draws inspiration from Shakespeare by using oxymorons to portray his deep affection for his beloved. Through phrases like "perfectly imperfect" and "my end and my beginning," he conveys the profound nature of his love. He admires the contradictions within his partner, as it was these very aspects that initially drew him to her. He believes that it's her imperfections that contribute to her beauty.

Oxymoronic song titles pique curiosity and draw listeners in. A classic example is "Living Dead Girl" by Rob Zombie. The phrase "silent scream," as used in the song "Silent Scream" by Anna Blue, is also a great example of an oxymoron in the title of the song.

"Cruel Summer" by Taylor Swift can be considered a kind of oxymoron. It combines "cruel," which denotes harshness or unkindness, with "summer," a season typically associated with warmth, joy, and pleasantness. This contrast creates a paradoxical effect, emphasizing the idea of a summer that is marked by difficulties, challenges, or unfavorable conditions. The phrase has been used in various songs and literary works to convey the complexity of emotions or experiences during the summer season. In another Taylor Swift song, “Cardigan”, "Sequin smile" can be considered a kind of an oxymoron. It combines "sequin," which is associated with shiny, glittering embellishments, with "smile," which represents a warm and happy facial expression. The contrast between the two terms emphasizes the idea of a smile that's adorned or enhanced with a sparkling, glamorous quality. While not a traditional oxymoron, it creates an interesting and vivid image in the reader's or listener's mind.

Even without lyrics, instrumental music can incorporate oxymorons in its composition. Classical music, for instance, may alternate between delicate and powerful passages. Music genres often incorporate oxymorons to define their unique sound. "Jazz fusion," for example, combines the traditional and the experimental aspects of jazz music. Oxymorons can provoke strong emotions. Consider a song with a gentle melody and aggressive lyrics, creating a sense of tension and contradiction. Concept albums use oxymorons to convey intricate narratives or themes. Pink Floyd's "The Wall" explores the paradoxical idea of building walls for both isolation and protection. Oxymorons serve as storytelling devices within songs. The Eagles' "Hotel California" uses the oxymoron "you can check out anytime you like, but you can never leave" to create a mysterious and haunting narrative.

Musicians employ oxymorons to challenge conventions and create thought-provoking and distinctive works of art.

Overall, oxymorons are a valuable linguistic and artistic tool that artists use to create thought-provoking and impactful works across a variety of artistic forms. They enhance the richness and complexity of art, engage the audience, and add layers of meaning to the creative process. They encapsulate the essence of the art and attract attention, which is particularly important in marketing and conveying the theme of the work. They produce striking mental images and provoke curiosity, which is especially beneficial in visual arts and literature. Hence, oxymorons play a significant role in the creation of diverse art forms.

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