SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND KAZAKH LULLABIES

СХОДСТВО И РАЗЛИЧИЕ АНГЛИЙСКИХ И КАЗАХСКИХ КОЛЫБЕЛЬНЫХ ПЕСЕН

Абикенова Жанар Жамбыловна

ст. преп., магистр педагогики Кафедра” тюркология и теория языка", КазНУ им. Аль-Фараби,

Республика Казахста, г. Алматы

Жапаркулова Кенжекей Жаркинбековна

канд. филол. наук, Ассоцированный профессор, КазУМОиМЯ им. Абылай хана,

Республика Казахста, г. Алматы

Балсариева Кундыз Темирхановна

ст. преп., магистр психологии и педагогики Международный инженерно-технологический университет,

Республика Казахста, г. Алматы

ABSTRACT

In this scientific project, the features of lullabies of English and Kazakh countries were written. The aim of the project is to convey in English the features of the lullabies of the two countries, as well as to describe their content and meaning.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В рамках этого научного проекта были написаны особенности колыбельных песен английской и казахской стран. Цель проекта - передать на английском языке особенности колыбельных песен двух стран, а также описать их содержание и смысл.

Keywords: Comparison; similarities; differences; lullabies; fairy tales.

Ключевые слова: Сравнение; сходства; различия; колыбельные; сказки.

Let's look at the similarities of lullabies in English and Kazakh, it turned out that in both languages mothers ask for help from animals, and they in turn willingly help them (they rock the cradle, purr so that the child falls asleep, and so on).

Lullabies are not only traditions passed down from generation to generation, or a way to put a child to sleep. This is an excellent assistant in the development of the baby.

Lullabies in English. The image of the mother also occupies an important place in the lyrics of English lullabies. The image of the mother is found almost as often as the image of the child, it is also emotionally positively colored. Lullabies tell about how happy mom is to have a baby. Mom is depicted in lullabies as very caring, loving and protecting from all adversity [1]:

«...Said mommy loves you, // I wouldn't know what I'd do without you. //Said mommy loves you //1 wouldn't know what to do iflwas to loose you...» // «.. .I'm gonna raise you good. //Oh, youjust wait and see...»

Along with the image of the mother, there is also the image of the father, sometimes he sings, «Hush thee, my babby, // Lie still with thy daddy, // Thy mammy has gone to the mill, // To grind thee some wheat, // To make thee some meat», sometimes it is present in songs that talk about the role of father and mother, family life, in such songs it is sung about the father as a hunter, angler, earner: «Вуе, baby bunting, // Daddy's gone a hunting, // To get a little hare's skin // To wrap a baby bunting in».

Religious images are often found in English songs: St. Valentine «rose dreams are red like a new Valentine, la la lu, la la lu, Little wandering angel fold up your wings for tonight»

The Image of God: «..The Lord has promised good to me, // His word my hope secures. // He will my shield and portion be, //as long as life endures...»

Many lullabies resemble a prayer, the singer asks God to protect him and the child from adversity and thanks him.

Jesus Christ: «.. .How sweet the name of Jesus sounds II In a believer's ear II It soothes his sorrows, heals his wounds II And drives away his fear...»

Most often, a lullaby singer calls on Angels to help calm and put the child to sleep: «Come, white angels, to baby and me; II Touch his blue eyes with the image of sleep». And also encourages them to guard the baby's peace while he sleeps. The angels are asked not to allow any evil forces to harm the baby: «.. .Bright angels around my darling shall stand. // They will guard you from harms, // You shall wake in my arms...» // «No forebodings should alarm thee, // They will let no peril harm thee // All through the night».

Animals are another group of images of lullabies of English-speaking culture. Sheep, lambs and pigeons in songs sometimes have a protective function: «Come, white doves, to baby and me // Softly whirr in the silent air».

More often there are lullabies in which it is sung how adult animals take care of their children, protect their sleep: «What can lambkins do, // All the cold night through? // Nestle by their wooly mother // The careful ewe. // What can nestlings do, // In the nightly dew? // Sleep beneath their mother's wing, // Till day breaks anew», «High in an oak tree, safe in a nest // Four tiny robinstake their rest // Mother beside them, sweetly they peep // Evening is falling. Go to sleep».

Fictional characters are also perceived as guardians of the night. One of these characters is the sandman. Children who play late into the night throw magic sand in their eyes and make them sleep. «Неrе comes the sandman stepping so softly // singing the children to sleep everywhere // as he scatters the sand out ofhis hand // he whisper's gently»

Another character in the lullaby for your children, familiar to every English-speaking child, is Willy Winky's child — Willy Winky's child (translated by I. P. Tokmakov - Willy Winky's child), originally from Scotland. This warns the children that it's time to go to bed after eight in the evening. Willy Winky looks out the nursery windows and checks who is asleep and who is still awake.

Also in modern English lullabies there is another image: A Man from the Moon, an image resembling a human figure or a human face under a full moon: "'The man on the Moon is a dear shepherd // And all the bright stars are his sheep // He watches and guards with tender care // When you kids are sleeping"

Some lullabies mention the image of fairies, but the singer does not rejoice at their appearance, but on the contrary drives them away, often inviting angels instead:

Go away, little fairies.. .From our home now // Down come the pretty angels... //To our home now»

English lullabies are characterized by a world of inanimate, abstract concepts such as sleep, the sky and the stars. However, it is often possible to find animated images of the stars and the moon, which is called in the songs «Mother Moon», «Lady Moon», the moon is endowed with the ability to hear and see, take care of the baby at night «I see the moon, II And the moon sees me», «Moon moon moon I can see II Moon moon moon you're taking care of me» , «Full Moon, II Wash it all away»

Often, in traditional and more modern lullabies, the image of another magical world, the world of dreams, arises: «You'll be in a sleepyland -IIA place where dreamers love to go»

«Rock-a-bye, rock-a-bye, rock as we go //Into the Land of Sleep»

«Lights low, moon high // High up in the Sleepytime Skies»

This world seems to be bright, colorful, kind, a world where all dreams come true: «Somewhere, over the rainbow, way up high // There's a land that I heard of once in a lullaby // Somewhere, over the rainbow, skies are blue // And the dreams that you dare to dream really do come true», sometimes the magical world of dreams is limited to the territory of only one street: «Dream Street», «Hash-a-buy street», This may be due to the inability of the baby, due to age and little experience, to represent large spaces, a magical image is built using a real image understandable to the baby.

The image of a cradle (cradle) and a baby cot is also a very important image for lullabies of the English language. The cradle in the lullaby is shown not only often, but also in a very diverse way, the singer describes the color of the cradle, its uniform, soothing rocking, the baby is safe in the cradle, he is cozy and warm: «Your cradle is green, // Father is a nobleman, mother is a queen», «warm craddle" Forward and back, II The cradle she swings»;

In the first verse of the popular lullaby «Rock-a-buy baby on the tree top II When the wind blows, the cradle will rock, II When the bough breaks, the cradle will fall, II And down will come baby, cradle and all», it describes how the child swings on a tree branch, the branch breaks off, and the lullaby falls with the baby, but the following verses convince the child that everything is fine, loved and safe with his mother. There are several theoretical directions for the origin of this lullaby, with the most common Americans sleeping their children in this way, allowing the wind to rock the cradle, assuming that the child standing high in the tree was safe from predators [2].

Lullabies in Kazakh. Interestingly, Kazakh lullabies are often sung, and the mother calls the child's name in rhyme, without breaking it. In the English lullaby, we find only simple affectionate words such as "koshakanim", "botam", "appagim", "kulinim", "my sweet baby".

In lullabies such as fairy tales, Kazakh and English peoples often depict animals and objects. Favorite images in the lullaby are a cat, a kid or a lamb, a cock, a rabbit, a horse, a bird, a sheep, a goat, a cow.

There are many different comparisons between the two peoples that enhance the perception of the situation described in the lullabies. Both peoples are characterized by the repetition of words and whole phrases. Such monotony attracts attention and contributes to falling asleep quickly.

It is worth noting that, according to Kazakhs, English songs are not very harmonious. The English perceive the poem differently than we do. In fairness, I must say that rhyme for a lullaby is completely unnecessary. It could be a white poem. The main thing is that the mother's words come from the heart.

According to the content and poetic structure, lullabies can be divided into two groups: traditional lullabies and non-traditional lullabies. Traditional lullabies are songs that have been sung for a long time and sound completely normal in the country, without changing the content and melody. They said, "Әлди, әлди ақ бөпем, Ақ бесікке жат, бөпем!" the mother begins with lines of poems full of kindness, and ends with couples that comfort the child and deceive him into a sweet sleep.

And in lullabies, the narrator uses a genre type, adding periodical situations, his inner sadness to the poem. For example, in one example of a lullaby, which G. N. Potanin wrote in a letter: “Таудан Тоғас түскен жоқ, Секемен тары піскен жоқ. Тоғас түссе етекке, Қой жүреді жетекке. Жылама, бөпем, жылама” The hard life of people with a full belly was described [3].

Scheme 1. 

Scheme 1. Comparison of lullabies in English and Kazakh

The lullaby, where mysterious words and music are intertwined, is not only the beginning of folk pedagogy, but also a wide genre that reveals the soul of a Kazakh woman and gives a lot of information about the periodic life of the country. This opportunity was later widely used by representatives of written literature and composers. Look at Table 1. There are similarities and differences between English and Kazakh lullabies.

Table 1.

Similarities and differences between English and Kazakh lullabies

Summing up, we can conclude that lullabies of the English language are characterized by a narrow but vivid series of images. The use of these images in lullabies carries several functions: introducing the child to the world around him, getting to know the national picture of the people's world, getting to know the first words, and of course soothing.

References:

1. Простые колыбельные на английском [Электронный ресурс]. - URL: http:// pesochnizza.ru/english/prostye-kolybelnye-na-anglijskom#ixzz44aOZReBq.
2. http://kolybelnaya.narod.ru/popular.html.
3. Қазақ фольклорының тарихилығы. – Алматы: Ғылым, 2003. – 244 б.