DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS PROCESSES AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS DELIVERY SYSTEMS OVERSIZED CARGO

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ ДОСТАВКИ НЕГАБАРИТНЫХ ГРУЗОВ

Тащилина Александра Денисовна

магистрант, кафедра логистики и маркетинга, Волжский государственный университет водного транспорта,

РФ, г. Нижний Новгород

Коршунов Дмитрий Александрович

научный руководитель, канд. экон. наук, доц. кафедры логистики и маркетинга, Волжский государственный университет водного транспорта,

РФ, г. Нижний Новгород

ABSTRACT

In the modern world, it is difficult to imagine the organization of the delivery of bulky and/or heavy goods, both by indirect and mixed communication, without the use of information and/ or communication technologies and software that automate the operations of the transport and logistics process.

The introduction of new information technologies and digitalization of the provision and information support of the transport and logistics process directly affects the development of elements of logistics processes in general.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В современном мире сложно представить организацию доставки крупногабаритных и/или тяжеловесных грузов, как в прямом, так и в смешанном сообщении, без применения информационным и/или коммуникационных технологий и программные обеспечения, автоматизирующие операции транспортно-логистического процесса.

Внедрение новых информационных технологий и цифровизация обеспечения и информационного сопровождения транспортно-логистического процесса напрямую влияет на развитие элементов логистических процессов в целом.

Keywords: directions of development, transport and logistics processes, delivery systems, multimodal transportation, digitalization, information technology, oversized cargo, bulky and/or heavy cargo.

Ключевые слова: направления развития, транспортно-логистические процессы, системы доставки, смешанные перевозки, цифровизация, информационные технологии, негабаритные грузы, крупногабаритный и/или тяжеловесный груз.

Currently, as a result of the development of international relations, the increase in trade and economic relations, the sphere of information support is actively gaining momentum and is constantly developing. The development of information and communication technologies and their practical application in all processes, including transport and logistics, directly affects the speed of solving emerging problems and the efficiency of interaction between participants.

The development of information support and the practical application of new digital technologies correspond to the constantly changing market requirements in modern conditions and the growth of competition in the provision of logistics and freight forwarding services.

The transport and logistics process includes the entire complex of operations for the organization of transportation and related activities (transshipment, unloading, storage, terminal processing, etc.), documentation and the process of interaction of participants in the process, management of emerging financial and information flows. Modern information support of the transport and logistics process should include not only the maximum transition to electronic document management and unification of the necessary accompanying and accounting documents confirming and fixing the route of movement of material assets, but also automate the management of material flows, integrated management and comparison of needs and resources.

The introduction of modern technologies for information support of the transport and logistics process currently allows not only to plan the need for resources, plan the movement and distribution of resources, synchronize data with potential participants in the transport and logistics process in parallel, but also to formulate scientific and technical tasks and create a mathematical and/or simulation model of the transport and logistics process or its separate element.

In modern logistics, as in other areas, the transfer of document flow to an electronic digital format is being actively introduced. Electronic document management has a number of main advantages:

• Optimization and saving of time resources (Reduction of time spent on registration, editing and processing of documents. Automatic saving of originals and backup copies of accompanying and accounting documents.);
• Reducing the cost of exchanging and processing documents;
• Improving in-process operations, and therefore simplifying control, as well as improving the security and safety of information.

To date, the trend of EDI development continues, according to statistics compiled by TAdviser (Russian Internet portal and analytical agency), the volume of the Russian market for electronic document management systems (EDMS), corporate content management systems (ECM (Enterprise content management)), corporate content management system platforms (CSP (Content Service Platform)), is represented by in Figure 1.

According to TAdviser forecasts, the growth of the Russian market of EDMS, ECM and CSP systems in 2023 will be about 10-11%. At the end of 2023, TAdviser plans to clarify and, if necessary, adjust these data.

Figure 1. The volume of the Russian market of EDMS, ECM and CSP systems

Also, according to the TAdviser analysis, the shares of electronic document system projects are distributed as follows (Figure 2):

Figure 2. Shares of EDMS/ECM projects by industry

The introduction of electronic document management systems has become one of the goals of the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period 2030 with a forecast until 2035. The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, with regard to digitalization, is currently actively implementing electronic navigation maps, sets tasks to create a single electronic form of accompanying documents, as well as accounting documents and electronic seals.

The basic principles in the organization of the transport and logistics process, as well as the entire logistics in general, are:

1. Deliver the goods on time (Just in time);
2. Resource allocation/production planning;
3. Reducing inventory and minimizing costs;
4. Efficiency of coordination of interaction and decision-making;
5. Safety.

The introduction of the basic tools of the Production System and the principles of Lean manufacturing make it possible to optimize the existing situation of interaction and resource allocation of participants in the transport process using publicly available and proven solutions to organizational and production tasks.

Modern information systems make it possible to implement all the principles of the organization of the transport and logistics process with maximum efficiency and accuracy. Planning and distribution systems (for example, Material/manufacturing requirements resource planningn (MRP I/ MRP II) and Distribution requirements resource planningn (DRP I/DRP II) systems, as well as various information technology solutions from development companies providing proven template solutions). Routing, tracking and mathematical simulation systems allow you to work out each operation of the transport and logistics process in as much detail as possible, as well as to analyze and work out solutions to various technical and technological problems both in a working and operational manner.

One of the promising and actively developing areas of application of information and communication technologies for ensuring transport and logistics processes:

• Automatic cargo tracking using GPS systems and actively implemented artificial intelligence technologies in them. Also in this direction, after the successful introduction of RFID tags, devices connected to the local Internet of Things network began to be intensively developed and implemented to track and account for cargo in temporary storage warehouses.
• Unification and transition to electronic document management, with the use of a simple or enhanced qualified electronic signature.
• Systems and sensors for virtual inspection of containers, packaging and seals of cargo spaces.

The technologies used in the transport and logistics process are becoming more automated, reducing time and material resources, as well as increasing safety and increasing transparency of the entire process. At the same time, the question arises of maintaining the reliability of such systems and minimizing the likelihood of data changes, hiding the details of the transport and logistics process and replacing accounting documents, therefore, the blockchain system, actively implemented in logistics by foreign and large domestic companies, is gaining popularity.

In 2022, distributed ledger technologies began to be implemented by large companies, including domestic and foreign participants in the transport and logistics process, in the basics of organizing their work and interacting with other participants in various processes arising in their field of activity, as well as the management of tangible and digital assets. Similar to TCP/IP protocols (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), which provide basic support for corporate network communications, shared registries can become an integral part of the operations of the transport and logistics process, allowing you to create and track routes of value and accompanying/reporting data on status, transfer of ownership, responsibilities, risks, etc.

Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) system platforms allow you to change the usual process of organization and interaction between participants in the transport and logistics process, tracking document flow routes and transitions of responsibilities, cargo movement, determining and fixing the origin of cargo and/or operations that occurred during the transport and logistics process, control of sent data and identification management, professional certificates, copyrights and other tangible and digital assets.

According to the statistics of the movement of material flows for 2022, the percentage of transportation of oversized, long and heavy goods (NTG) is about 2% of the entire transport services market. At the same time, road transport accounts for 97%, while rail transport accounts for only 2%, the remaining 1% belongs to inland waterway transport.

Figure 3. The share of freight shipment types in the road transport market

Figure 4. The share of shipments of cargo types in the maritime transportation market

To date, the organization of delivery and transportation of bulky and/ or heavy goods, due to the specifics and non-standard nature of the cargo being transported, is a special type of transport activity. When organizing the delivery of bulky and heavy goods, even more attention is paid to the integrity and safety of the delivered cargo, as well as compliance with pre-agreed delivery dates from the sender to the consignee at the destination, since most often the customers of this type of transport activity are manufacturing enterprises.

To date, many scientific and research projects are aimed at studying modern technical and technological innovations in the field of transport and logistics processes, transportation, warehousing, transshipment and information and communication support.

Summing up, the introduction of modern information technologies into the organization, planning, control and interaction of participants in transport and logistics processes of cargo delivery makes it possible to automate all operations, reduce the cost of time and material resources, increase the safety and security of data transmission, as well as reduce the likelihood of accidental or intentional errors in the transmitted information or process.

Automated analytics and process simulation are already becoming central elements of the logistics sector, allowing you to get solutions based on accurate mathematical and information data, allowing you to work out the chosen solution at any level and quickly determine the rationality and optimality of its application.

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