PREREQUISITES FOR CONDUCTING A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE TERRITORY

ABSTRACT

This work examines the main prerequisites needed for conducting a comprehensive assessment of a territory. It analyzes both the theoretical and practical aspects related to evaluating natural, economic, and social resources, as well as their impact on the sustainable development of the region. Special attention is given to the methods and tools that can be used for a systematic approach to assessment, including geoinformation technologies and statistical methods. The study highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to identify the potential of a territory, determine its problems, and develop strategies for optimizing resource use. The results of the research may be useful for specialists in urban planning, ecology, and regional development, as well as for government authorities involved in planning and managing territories.

Keywords: assessment, territory, development, comprehensive analysis.

In order to achieve optimal planning and management of urbanized areas, it is important to study the structure of the system being managed. For many years, territorial planning and urban development have been closely related to the use of a systematic approach. Viewing cities and settlement systems from this perspective allows us to see them as a complex of elements. By understanding the connections between these elements and their principles, we can better understand how the entire system functions [1].

The methodology of comprehensive analysis is used for decision-making when working with complex systems. This approach is an interdisciplinary research method that examines the structural relationships between the elements of a specific system. Several characteristics define comprehensive analysis in territorial planning:

1. System-element analysis reveals the structure of the urban planning system as a collection of elements—subsystems.
2. System-structural analysis considers the territory as a system that is the result of the interaction of lower-level systems (subsystems) and that participates in the interaction of higher-level systems (supersystems or environments).
3. System-functional analysis allows for the identification of the functions performed by the elements and the functions of the system itself, which are required at the level of the environment (supersystem).
4. System-communication analysis defines the structure of connections within the system both horizontally and vertically, in order to assess the factors that impact the system.
5. System-integrative analysis reveals the mechanisms of self-regulation within the urban planning system.
6. System-historical analysis enables the forecasting of development prospects based on the analysis of the system's historical development.

These aspects of systemic analysis represent the territorial system at a specific moment in time. The development of the system can be described using system-dialectical analysis, where territorial social systems (the subject of study) are seen as unified spatial formations that evolve according to social laws. The systemic nature of the object suggests a complex internal structure, a variety of structures, the unity and balance of different elements, as well as contradictions and evolution.

Assessing land as a fundamental means of production involves many different approaches, creating a multifaceted characterization of land evaluation that includes socio-economic and spatial assessment criteria. The main goal of the cadastral valuation methodology is to create a register of areas subject to taxation. For effective taxation, the register must include all information about the cadastral value of the plots. Cadastral assessment of various categories of plots is carried out through a combination of methods, either using the income or comparative approach [2].

Assessing the commercial potential of land is necessary to justify decisions regarding the development of socio-economic municipalities, with the basic tool being the evaluation of the site based on its location. There are several criteria for location assessment, including economic, urban planning, and environmental aspects:

- Environmental aspects are realized through the evaluation of the state of the environment, analysis of pollution, and consideration of their impact on the surroundings;

- The urban planning aspect takes into account factors such as the characteristics of buildings, terrain analysis, and the presence of historical monuments and architectural structures;

- In the economic aspect, factors include the development of transport infrastructure, economic value and financial justification for the development of areas, potential for location, and physical characteristics of the sites.

As a basis for territorial planning, a comprehensive assessment of land is carried out using maps or spatial diagrams of the area. The map marks the boundaries of the studied territory, divides it into assessment plots, overlays various elements onto the map, and calculates distances and areas. Currently, the use of paper maps and manual methods for working with geographic objects is becoming unacceptable [3].

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have the following advantages compared to previous methods of working with geographic data:

- Reduced labor intensity and increased speed of data processing based on the automation of graphical constructions and calculations;

- Enhanced accuracy in data representation, analysis, and calculations;

- Provision of a wide range of methods and tools for processing geographic and semantic information for the user.

Questions regarding timely satellite monitoring of natural resources, studying the dynamics of natural processes and phenomena, analyzing the causes of modeling potential consequences, and choosing options for preventing emergencies are essential attributes of the methodology for gathering information about the condition of the area of interest (country, city) at this stage. This information is crucial for making correct and timely management decisions. The results of remote sensing of the Earth (RSE) provide a highly convenient and continuously updated source of accurate information about the state of the land and territorial planning objects. They can be used for obtaining and updating data in the spatial and ecological subsystems of territorial planning [4].

Spatial data that shows the geological structure of an area—such as relief, monitoring of landslide slopes, the ravine and gully network, soil composition, hydrogeology, and seismic activity—allows for effective management of the placement of construction projects, whether industrial or civil, and helps in planning the development of settlements. Additionally, when assessing the growth of settlements, remote sensing data provides information on the dynamics of urban expansion and other populated areas. Furthermore, the search for natural resources (such as oil and coal), identifying areas with high potential, and updating road networks provide essential information for the development of various industries [5].

When assessing land use, information can be obtained about soil characteristics, ravines, swamp areas, and the evaluation of water resources. Data on the condition of water bodies and forests enables effective management of water and forestry resources.

References:

1. Fedorovskaya A.A. Comprehensive Assessment of Territory for Strategic Planning Purposes: Lecture Course / A.A. Fedorovskaya. – Rostov-on-Don: SKIF, 2011.
2. Fundamentals of System Research Methodology – [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://studfile.net/preview/9930449/page:5/ (дата обращения 17.02.2025)
3. Peters E.V. Urban Policy: Strategy for Implementation, Social and Commercial Adaptation of the Urban Development Program // STUDFILES: File Archive. – 2018 – [Electronic resource]. URL: https://studfile.net/preview/7514531/
4. Urban Development Code of the Russian Federation, Article 64. Objectives of Comprehensive Territorial Development – [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_51040/9ae65aac327a4e9861ca82782051a80c09badce2/
5. Urban Development Code of the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2004, No. 190-FZ (as amended on August 4, 2023) (with changes and additions effective from September 1, 2023). URL: https://rpn.gov.ru/upload/iblock/27f/84trl1rkswazvkdh26auh7lmja60dqkk/Gradostroitelnyy-kodeks-Rossiyskoy-Federatsii-ot-29.12.2004-_-190_FZ.pdf