SHADOW CULTIVATION IN THE BUKHARA REGION

The rise in the world's population leads to a day-to-day demand for high-quality food. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, since the early years of independence, to meet the demand of the population for food, the grain and legumes have been severely restrained in the direction of breeding and seed breeding. In these leguminous plants soybean is characterized by its beneficial properties (fat, food, fodder, etc.). That is why in our country the development of shabby is of particular importance in the last years. We can see that our country has been focusing on the further development of the environment. It is also emphasized that the sowing of soybean crops on wheat fields will be 18975 hectares in 2017, 1950 hectares in 2018, 19400 hectares in 2019 and 20,000 hectares in 2020. 20,000 hectares will be planted in 2021. In this regard, the following decrees and decrees Here is an example:

Introduction of measures to modernize and accelerate the development of agriculture in paragraph 3.3 of the Action Strategy for the Five Priorities of Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 7 February 2017, is one of the most important vital ways of raising the welfare of our people. [1]

Additionally, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of March 14, 2017, №PP-2832, is supplemented by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of July 23, 2017, № 3144 [2; 3]

In the Bukhara region, much attention is paid to the state of the art. As for the soybean plant, it is thought to be a yearly herbaceous plant, legumes, and an oily crop of soybeans. Africa and South and East Asia, in tropical and subtropical regions, and in the Far East. It has been cultivated since ancient times. Today, many countries are being brought up. In Uzbekistan, which began to be planted in the 1960s, but have not been neglected at that time, is paying much attention to the shade. The extensive and extensive distribution of soybean on the earth, the amount and proportion of protein, soybean, and other important organic and ores in the soybean grains allows it to be used in a variety of industries. Soybean grains are made from oil, margarine, cheese, milk, flour and products. About 40 percent of the vegetable oil produced on the planet falls on the shade. The shade is the world's second largest crop after wheat, rice, and maize, according to the size of the crop area. It grows over a hectare. Worldwide, soybean grains make up 29 % of the world's oil consumption. Soybean cereals contain up to 50 % protein, 25 % fat, more than 400 different foods and poultry products. Therefore, shade is regarded as a cure that prevents the most valuable protein deficiency. [3]

For livestock, soybean fodder, peanut butter, hay, straw, silo, straw, etc. are prepared. In its hay is 15 % protein, 5 % fat, 39 % carbohydrate, 7.2 % ash, and 22 % aqueous. 47 % of cases were found to be corrupt. The shade can be used as a breeze. The shadow collects 50-120 kg of biological nitrogen in each hectare of soil. Then, sown cotton, cannabis, macaroni, wheat, rice, vegetables, melons, potatoes and other crops are good yields. Training: Soybeans are especially prone to phosphorus and potassium. But when it begins to grow, some nitrogen fertilizers are also needed. The annual amount of mineral fertilizers is determined by each hectare: nitrogen 30-40 kg, phosphorus 60-80 kg and potassium 80-100 kg. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are given before plowing or planting. Irrigation: When the shade begins to bloom and the grain is consumed, it is very thirsty. The entire vegetation period can be irrigated 3-6 times. The location of underground waters will be taken into account. The first irrigation occurs when the plant produces 3-4 leaves, the second one before the flowering, the third, and the fourth one during the formation of the legs, and the fifth during the growing period. The amount of irrigation of the shrubs is 700-900 m3 per hectare and 3500-4500 m3 during the entire vegetation period.

It should be noted that in 2018, the production of soybean crops in Bukhara region has been recorded.

Table 1.

Bukhara's 2018 Soybean harvesting and storage summary data

Table 2.

In the Bukhara region 2019, the following trends in soybean placement can be seen in the main areas

As for shade reproduction, it is possible to collect 1.8-2.5 tons of grain and at least 6.8 tons of shrubs per hectare from the reproduced shade, and it should be noted that according to scientific research When the reproduction of the shade increases, the average annual vegetable oil will grow by 3.5 %. Taking into account that it can extract ecologically clean vegetable oil from average 200-220 kg per tonne of shade, shadow is a high yield and high yield. If you want to grow soybean crops, you will need to take into account the following: The soybean is sown as a repeat crop, which is very quickly selected varieties of varieties (Amigo, Arleta, Selekta-201). At the same time, the sowing time plays a major role if it is planted as a repeat crop. It is recommended to plant in the southern region of the country from June 15 to July 15, in the central region from June 20 to July 5 and in the northern region from June 20 to July 1. It is also not recommended to sow the shrub area in poorly fed areas. Because if the seeds are not squeezed out of the seeds, excessive 20% of the oil contained in the shadow will suffer from a very high temperature. Grain-yielding areas should be treated quickly after sowing. Also, it is not advisable to spray 2-3 days in the area where shade or shade is planted. After shrubs are planted, it is cultivated as the main areas of agro technical activities such as weed control, feeding, feeding, and irrigation. If you look at the shade of the agro technics, it will give you a rich harvest.

Conclusion

 If we cultivate the soybean plant in Bukhara high yields and, respectively, soybean crops, it will help to improve the meliorate state of the land. It should be noted that if the soybean plant is sown after the grain as a secondary crop and it is adhered to the agro technics, it will be possible to add soybean crops to the class of plants, which will greatly benefit the farmer from the state budget. In addition, it allows farmers to produce their own livestock for cattle and other livestock rich in calorie intake.

References:

1. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017  
2. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of March 14, 2017-P-2832  
3. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 24, 2017 № P-3144
4. O.Ramazonov, O.Yusupbekov "Soil Science and Cultivation"
5. www.agro.uz