GERD AS THE CAUSE OF ORAL DISEASES

ABSTRACT

The common gastrointestinal condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by recurrent reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, which leads to typical symptoms and problems. [1]. Changes in the oral cavity are one of the extraesophageal symptoms of GERD that have received a lot of attention in recent years. Modern clinical research demonstrate that the mechanisms of GERD development are intimately linked to diseases of the soft tissues of the mouth cavity, including gingivitis, inflammatory changes in the mucous membranes, erosions, and ulcers. [2].

Keywords: diseases of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The impact of acid reflux on the oral mucosa and the emergence of inflammatory processes are the mechanisms underlying the association between GERD and soft tissue disorders of the mouth. When gastric juice's acidic content enters the oral cavity, it irritates and damages soft tissues, which leads to the formation of ulcerative lesions, erosions, and inflammation. Furthermore, gastric reflux raises the risk of soft tissue disorders by impairing swallowing ability and decreasing salivation, both of which deteriorate the mouth cavity's natural defenses. [3].

One significant factor is that conditions affecting the soft tissues of the mouth can both be a consequence of the underlying illness and clinical indicators of the existence and severity of GERD. Therefore, in addition to improving oral health, prompt diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity can lower the risk of more severe digestive system issues in individuals with GERD. [4].

Bicarbonates, which are found in saliva, actively help to neutralize the acid that reflux illness causes to enter the esophagus. This defense mechanism is less effective when salivation is reduced or malfunctions, which raises the possibility of esophageal mucosal damage and aids in the emergence of inflammatory processes. Acid reflux slows down the healing process and contributes to the development of chronic inflammation by damaging the mucosa and suppressing local defense systems, including decreasing saliva production, disrupting the function of the mucosal barrier, and weakening the immunological response.

Swallowing facilitates the return of stomach contents from the esophagus to the stomach. By returning stomach contents to the stomach, swallowing helps clear the esophagus of reflux. This process is slowed down by swallowing dysfunctions, which causes acid and other stomach contents to be retained in the esophagus. Thus, the duration of acid contact with its oral cavity and mucous membrane lengthens, contributing to the development of chronic reflux-related irritation, damage, and problems.

Acid can enter the mouth cavity in GERD, resulting in mucous tissue damage, discomfort, and inflammation. The mucous membranes' natural defense against the effects of acid and other irritants is diminished as a result of these alterations, which also make it harder to swallow normally and lessen the impetus for salivation. Swelling, redness, pain, and discomfort are all caused by the activation of inflammatory mediators including prostaglandins and cytokines in response to stimulation. These inflammatory responses have the potential to aggravate mucosal damage, accelerate inflammatory processes, and lower the patient's quality of life.

Poor dental hygiene is a contributing factor to the development of plaque, which harbors harmful microbes. Inflammation may worsen in cases of inflamed mucosa and decreased local immunity brought on by gastroesophageal reflux, raising the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.

Because of the mechanism of acid damage, disruption of the protective activities of the mucous membranes, and development of chronic inflammation, GERD is linked to inflammation of the oral mucosa and pharynx. The mucous membranes of the upper gastrointestinal tract and mouth cavity can be made healthier and less inflamed by effectively treating GERD and preventing acid reflux. [2].

Conclusions. Changes in the oral cavity are one of the extraesophageal symptoms of GERD that have received a lot of attention in recent years. Modern clinical research demonstrate that the mechanisms of GERD development are intimately linked to diseases of the soft tissues of the mouth cavity, including gingivitis, inflammatory changes in the mucous membranes, erosions, and ulcers. As a result, modern GERD treatment necessitates the coordination of dental and gastroenterological efforts, which should work together as part of a holistic strategy for GERD patients, with a focus on disorders affecting the soft tissues of the mouth cavity. Understanding how these problems relate to one another makes it easier to diagnose, prevent, and treat GERD and related oral diseases in a timely manner. Such a multidisciplinary approach guarantees more thorough and coordinated medical care, lowers the risk of problems, and enhances patients' quality of life.

References:

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