THE GENDER ASPECT OF WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ГЕНДЕРНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ОПЛАТЫ ТРУДА И ЗАНЯТОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Воронина Анастасия Алексеевна

студент, кафедра социологии и организации работы с молодежью, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет,

РФ, г. Белгород

ABSTRACT

In this research paper, the author analyzes in detail the gender aspects of employment in modern society. In addition, the author touches upon the most difficult problems related to the gender aspect of wages and employment in the Russian Federation and suggests rational ways to solve them.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной научно-исследовательской работе, автором детально анализируются гендерные аспекты занятости в современном обществе. Помимо этого, автором затрагиваются наиболее сложные проблемы, связанные с гендерным аспектом оплаты труда и занятости в Российской Федерации и предлагаются рациональные пути их решения.

Keywords: employment, wages, gender inequality, employment, labor relations.

Ключевые слова: занятость, оплата труда, гендерное неравенство, занятость, трудовые отношения.

It should be noted that, despite the legal consolidation of the foundations of non-discrimination on the basis of gender, a steady trend of gender inequality in labor relations persists in the Russian Federation. That is why our chosen topic is quite relevant and in demand in science. According to the Russian lawyer A.Ya. Sukharev, such discrimination arises due to the fact that women's wages are significantly lower than men's wages. It is advisable to understand why men receive higher wages, which will allow them to understand the basics of the functioning of the labor market in our country [7, p. 31]. To begin with, it is necessary to move on to the conceptual framework of the phenomenon being studied. According to the teachings of V.E. Karasev, discrimination should be understood as any distinction, preference based on skin color, nation, gender, religion, political beliefs [8, p. 65]. The Constitution of the Russian Federation, namely in the legal norm of art. 19, declares the guarantee of equality of rights and freedoms of citizens, regardless of any circumstances [2]. This constitutional norm guarantees the equality of the rights of men and women, as well as makes it possible to implement them. A similar provision is also enshrined in the current labor legislation, namely the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, art. 2 [3]. Despite the legislative consolidation of the equality of rights of women and men, statistics in this area are ambiguous. For example, in 2024, the proportion of women with low wages is three times higher than that of men. According to experts, the low level of wages for women is an indicator of their level of education. We consider this thesis to be incorrect, since the majority of the surveyed women with low wages have higher education. It follows that the level of education in this case is secondary [4]. The main reason for men's higher wages lies in their physiological characteristics. Since most men with high salaries work more than 48 hours a day, 80% of the respondents actually do. In the author's subjective opinion, this is the reason for the higher wages among men. Therefore, the employer's priority is precisely such professional personnel who are able to work beyond the norm. Another significant factor affecting the gender aspect of wages and employment is the high divorce rate for 2024, which was 5.9, and the marriage rate was 5.7. In the case of divorce, the child almost always stays with his mother, which directly affects her inability to engage in excessively long-term work activities, since She devotes more time to caring for her child [5]. Some unscrupulous employers may refuse to hire a girl or a woman due to her reproductive age. The employer fears that the woman or girl may go on maternity leave and he will have to pay significant maternity payments. For 2024, the amount of maternity payments varies: The minimum amount of maternity payments in 2024 is: for 140 days — 88,565 rubles; for 156 days — 98,687 rubles; for 194 days — 122,726 rubles. The maximum amount of maternity payments in 2024: for 140 days — 565,562 rubles; for 156 days — 630,198 rubles; for 194 days — 783,708 rubles. If a girl goes on maternity leave, she may have an urgent need for finances, which leads to her agreeing to work with a low salary without any career growth.

Sometimes, women are denied employment if they have young children who attend kindergarten or elementary school. Since it is at this age that children are prone to frequent illnesses and women have to take sick leave. It is for this reason that it is unprofitable for an employer to hire these categories of women, since such factors negatively affect their work efficiency. Senior positions are also occupied more often by men — 54%, while the ratio of women's wages to men's wages is 68.1% (90,581 rubles versus 133082 rubles) Based on the figures presented above, it can be concluded that the issue of gender inequality in wages is still acute in the Russian Federation. Recognition of the existing problem will contribute to its solution [6]. There is still an opinion in society that a man is better able to cope with the functions of a leader — 41%. Perhaps if the problems mentioned in this article had been solved, women would have occupied leadership positions more often and the opinion would have taken root in society that the effectiveness of a leader's activities does not depend on his gender.

References:

1. International Labour Organization Convention No. III on Discrimination in Employment and Occupation (Geneva, June 25, 1958)//SPS Consultant Plus (accessed: 03/19/2025)
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