THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND ROBOTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ И РОБОТОВ В СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

Гарбузов Игорь Евгеньевич

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, Москва

Горявина Ксения Александровна

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, Москва

Юдина Ирина Ивановна

преподаватель, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, Москва

ABSTRACT

This article is devoted to the issue of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the construction industry; specific examples are given, the advantages and disadvantages of their use are listed, and the prospects for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the construction industry in the future are determined.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Данная статья затрагивает вопрос использования беспилотных летательных аппаратов в строительной отрасли; приводятся конкретные примеры, перечисляются преимущества и недостатки их использования, а также определяются перспективы использования беспилотных летательных аппаратов в строительной индустрии в будущем.

Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle, construction, modern technologies, innovations.

Ключевые слова: беспилотный летательный аппарат, строительство, современные технологии, инновации.

In recent years, drone and robot technology has become increasingly popular and widely used in various industries, including construction. The use of drones and robots on construction sites offers unique opportunities to improve efficiency, accuracy and safety. One of the primary uses of drones in construction is for inspections. Drones allow for quick and efficient inspections of construction sites, high-rise structures, and large areas without having to send workers to dangerous heights. This helps improve construction site safety and reduce the time spent on inspections.

Let us list the benefits of using drones and robots in construction:

1. Monitoring of construction sites. Drones can be used to conduct aerial photography and video surveillance at the construction site, allowing you to monitor the progress of work and detect potential problems.

2. Inspection of hard-to-reach areas. Drones can fly around construction sites and inspect hard-to-reach areas such as tall structures or rooftops, providing a more complete and accurate view of the site's condition.

3. Material delivery. Drones can be used to deliver lightweight materials to the construction site, speeding up the construction process and reducing logistics costs.

4. Safety monitoring. Drones can be used to detect potential hazards on a construction site, such as fires, gas leaks or cave-ins, helping to keep workers safe.

5. Planning and design. Drones can help create accurate 3D models of construction projects, making it easier to design and plan construction projects.

6. Inventory Management. Robots can be used to automate the inventory of materials on a construction site, helping to control inventory and avoid shortages or overages.

7. Construction site cleaning and maintenance. Janitorial robots can be used to clear debris and construction waste from a construction site, keeping it neat and tidy.

8. Welding and construction work. Robots can be utilized for a variety of welding and construction jobs, increasing the efficiency and safety of the process.

9. Transportation and material handling. Transfer robots can be used to transport heavy loads and materials on a construction site, reducing the burden on workers.

10. Process Automation. The use of robots and drones in construction helps automate processes, which increases productivity, reduces risk and improves quality of work.

Let us list the significant disadvantages of using drones in construction:

1. High cost. Acquiring and maintaining drones and robots can be expensive, which can increase overall construction costs.

2. Need for specialized training. Drones and robots require specialized training for personnel, which may require additional investment in training.

3. Limited efficiency in some tasks. Drones and robots may not always be effective at certain tasks, especially in complex or non-standard situations.

4. Limited scalability. The use of drones and robots may be limited in the scale of the project or across different types of work, which can pose challenges in the case of large construction projects or complex processes.

5. Limited working range. Drones and robots may have limited operating range or autonomy time, requiring constant monitoring and control.

6. Data security issues. Data collected and stored by drones and robots can cause privacy and data security issues.

7. Technical problems and failures. Drones and robots may be subject to technical problems or failures, which may cause downtime and delays in operations.

8. Difficulties in integrating with existing processes. Implementing drones and robots into existing construction processes may require significant changes and adaptations, which may cause difficulties.

9. Regulation and legislation. The use of drones and robots in construction may face regulation and legislation requiring compliance with certain rules and regulations.

10. Lack of understanding of new technologies. Some companies may struggle due to a lack of understanding of drone and robot technology, which can make it difficult to successfully implement these innovations in construction.

Here are specific examples of how drones can be utilized in the construction industry:

1. Topographic surveying and mapping

Topographic surveying and mapping using drones represents one of the most common and useful applications of this technology in the construction industry. Drones can be used to take highly accurate measurements and create three-dimensional terrain models, allowing builders and engineers to get detailed information about the area before construction work begins.

2. Creation of aerial photographs and 3D models of construction sites.

Drones can be used for high-resolution aerial photography, which allows you to get detailed images of objects and territories. This data can then be used to create three-dimensional models that help visualize construction sites and plan work.

3. Real-time video transmission, monitoring and control of the construction progress

Inspection and supervision of the object using a quad copter allows you to obtain objective evidence in real time without interrupting the progress of work. Control of the accuracy of the assembly of structures, compliance with technological processes by builders, the pace of work, compliance with design documentation and detection of defects - all this can be carried out remotely. Drone data is available for real-time viewing from various devices; moreover, the automatic change tracking algorithm provides a complete view.

4. Data capture measurement of indicators

Due to drones, various violations and technical failures can be quickly detected. They allow you to obtain air samples and measure noise and radiation levels in minutes, without requiring days of effort, as it was before. Currently, approximately 30 percent of construction companies, architects and engineers in Europe and Russia use drones, and another 70 percent plan to introduce them in the near future.

5. Moving objects

Drones often perform the functions of an assistant at a construction site. They move small loads or mount light structures at height, produce glazing and wash large areas of glass structures. In order not to endanger the life and health of the worker, the installation of mineral wool slabs and window washing at height are increasingly entrusted to special equipment.

6. Security and control

Drone security and control is becoming an increasingly popular option to ensure the safety of construction sites. Drones can be used to conduct surveillance, access control, patrol the territory and detect potential threats.

Here are also specific examples of robots being used on a construction site:

1. Construction and installation

Robots can be used to perform various tasks on construction sites, such as laying bricks, installing fittings, installing walls and ceilings.

2. 3D printing

Construction robots can be used to 3D print building elements such as walls, foundations or building parts, which allows you to speed up the construction process and reduce costs.

3. Autonomous excavators

Robotic excavators can be used for land work, excavation, cleaning of the territory and other tasks. They can be programmed to accurately complete tasks and reduce the risk of unforeseen situations.

4. Robots that check the quality

Robots can be used to check the quality of building materials and structures, identify defects and monitor compliance with standards. This helps to prevent possible problems in the future and ensure high quality construction.

5. Robot engineers

Robots with design and simulation software can help engineers design and optimize construction projects. They can analyze data, predict results, and help make decisions based on complex calculations.

In conclusion, it should be said that the use of drones and robots in construction brings significant advantages to modern construction processes. Drones equipped with cameras and other sensors can be used to take aerial photographs of construction sites, monitor the performance of work, as well as to detect defects and problems in the early stages of construction. They provide accurate and fast data acquisition, which helps to improve project planning and management. Robots in construction perform a variety of functions, ranging from automated construction of walls and foundations to inspection of hard-to-reach places and moving heavy loads. Robotic systems increase productivity, quality and safety of work at construction sites. Their use reduces task completion time, reduces the risk of occupational injuries and optimizes construction costs. In general, the integration of drones and robots into the construction industry contributes to improving processes and increasing construction efficiency.

References:

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