MUSEUM LESSONS AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING RESEARCH SKILLS OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN

ABSTRACT

The author talks about the possibility of using museum lessons as a means of developing the research skills of younger schoolchildren. Reveals the problem on a concrete example, gives fragments of lessons and an analysis of the program of T. Y. Shpikalova.

Keywords: research skills, junior high school student, museum lessons.

In the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard, research activity is one of the most important aspects of children gaining knowledge about nature, about the history of a large and small homeland, about the past, present and future. In the modern world, where the transition to the information society is so pronounced, the desire for the general cultural, personal and cognitive development of students is conditioned.

It is difficult to overestimate the value of developing the research potential of younger schoolchildren. To achieve this goal, all kinds of methods and means are used in the modern school. We would like to consider in more detail the problem of using museum lessons as a means of developing the research skills of younger schoolchildren. Museum lessons are an integral part of museum pedagogy and occupy one of the key places in it. A museum lesson is a lesson in a museum or using a portable museum exhibition using interactive technologies. It changes the usual form of conducting traditional events, makes the study of the history of the native land, the life of outstanding countrymen more interesting and meaningful [1]. Depending on the chosen topic and the tasks set, various methods are used during the museum lesson:

- narrative method;

- comparison method;

- contrast method;

- problematic method;

- the question-answer method;

- method of dialogical communication;

- game method;

- a method of stimulating independent activity and others [2]. But one way or another, all methods are aimed at the comprehensive development of younger schoolchildren, including the development of their research skills.

We will consider the possibilities of using museum lessons to develop the research skills of younger schoolchildren on the example of the school museum of the MBOU "Streletskaya Secondary School" of the Yakovlevsky city district of the Belgorod region.

Let's take a closer look at how museum lessons can be used in fine art lessons according to the program of T. Ya. Shpikalova, L. V. Ershova, G. A. Porovskaya, A. N. Shchirova, N. R. Makarova, E. V. Alekseenko. Visual art. Work program for grades 1-4 of secondary school. So in the 1st grade when studying the topic "Colors of nature in the outfit of a Russian beauty. Folk costume" a museum lesson "Acquaintance with the folk costume of the native Belgorod region" can be held. In the 2nd grade, when studying the topic "Still Life from objects of ancient life", a museum lesson can also be held. Let's consider a fragment of such a lesson on the example of the school museum of the MBOU "Streletskaya Secondary School" of the Yakovlevsky city district of the Belgorod region.

Teacher: "Hello, children! As you probably already guessed, our lesson today will be unusual and we will take place in our school museum. Tell me, what genres of fine art do you and I know?" (We know such genres as landscape, portrait and still life.)

Teacher: "Well, what is on the table in front of us now? Can we say that this is a still life? (The children are presented with a composition consisting of a krynka, a towel, a rubel, a samovar and wooden spoons" (Various objects, dishes, antique objects. Yes, we can say that it is a still life.)

Teacher: "That's right, this is also a still life, it's just that this composition is made up of old household items that people used before. And are all the objects familiar to you and can you tell me what they were needed for and how they appeared?" (The names of all items are known, but the purpose and origin of not all.)

Teacher: "I think you would like to get new information about these subjects. To do this, I suggest you split into several teams of 3-4 people. I will give each team an envelope with a message from your subject, but the message in it is not simple, but encrypted, and to decrypt it, you need to use books that are located on shelves near the wall. Each envelope is numbered for a reason: the first digit is the number of the shelf, the second is the number of the shelf, and the third is the number of the book on the shelf. But first you have to find out the name of the subject and which page you need in the book, then the book will give you hints where to go."

Children are given envelopes containing sheets with the name of the subject on the contrary. For example, 65LEBUR (rubel 56). Students find the right book and page, see the image of the subject and continue their research by completing the following tasks, applying and developing research skills. Next, the children tell the results of their group work on a mini-study and choose which objects of ancient life they will depict on their still life.

During the museum lesson, children, using research skills, learn new information about antiquities, their origin and purpose.

Thus, we can conclude that museum lessons are one of the most effective means of developing the research skills of younger schoolchildren. They allow children to broaden their horizons, gain knowledge not only about the modern world, but also about the history of their native land, and all this can be achieved using the research skills of younger schoolchildren.

References:

1. Sukharevskaya E.Y., Vyunnikova M.M., Dobrelya E.D., Kaklyugina O.A., Kozorezova L.V. Donovedenie: Methodological developments of lessons and festive events for primary school teachers. 3class — Rostov-on-Don: "BARO – PRESS Publishing House", 2009.
2. Shlyakhtina L. M. Museum pedagogy: educational and methodical / L. M. Shlyakhtina. Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture, fac. world culture, Department of Museology and cultural heritage. – St. Petersburg: SPbGIK, 2021. – 60 p.