DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAKHALIN REGION

Силачёва Диана Дмитриевна

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Хмеленко Анна Павловна

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Овчинников Даниил Денисович

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Юдина Ирина Ивановна

научный руководитель, преподаватель, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the issue of digital transformation in construction and housing in the context of import substitution for the example of the Sakhalin region, describes the strategies for the development of construction and housing and their impact on these industries.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье рассматривается вопрос цифровой трансформации в строительстве и ЖКХ в условиях импортозамещения на пример Сахалинской области, описываются стратегии развития строительства и ЖКХ и их влияние на эти отрасли.

Keywords: housing and communal services, construction, digitalization, information technology, software, import substitution, import conservation.

Digitalization in the housing and communal services and construction industry is one of the priorities in the state strategy until 2030 with a forecast until 2035. During the construction of new apartment buildings, new information technologies are laid at the design stage to automate the management processes of apartment buildings, which later move into the operation stage. However, in the conditions of today's realities, both for the construction and housing and communal services, the issue of import substitution is acute, and not only the software product itself, but also components.

In 2020 - 2021, the Russian Federation, like the whole world, found itself facing a global challenge associated with the spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. In this regard, a direction has been formed in the world to restore the economy through the development of infrastructure, reducing transaction costs through the use of technological and digital solutions, including those based on artificial intelligence.

The Government decree of October 31, 2022 approved the strategy for the development of the construction industry and housing and communal services until 2030.[1] One of the key areas of the strategy is digital transformation.

Since February 2022, Russia has faced new challenges, including in the field of construction and housing and communal services. Import substitution in construction against the background of global political and economic changes has acquired the meaning of the mission.

The Ministry of Construction of Russia together with the National Association of Builders (NOSTROY) have created a catalog of import substitution. In July 2022, the catalog of import substitution of building materials contained 944 names of hundreds of foreign manufacturers. The Ministry of Construction has also created a catalog of Russian software. [3,4] It should help developers in conditions when foreign IT contacts refuse to renew licenses to users from Russia.

The introduction of digital technologies has also become widespread in the construction of residential buildings. Back in July 2021, the smart house was included in the passport of the digital transformation strategy of the construction industry "Construction, Urban Economy and Housing and Communal Services" of the Ministry of Construction worth 393 billion rubles until 2030.

The Smart Home project has also been included in the new edition of the "Strategy for the Development of the Construction industry and housing and Communal Services" of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2035. In this case, to solve this problem, significant changes are needed in the design, construction and overhaul, providing for the installation of information systems and technologies in residential buildings and unhindered access of telecom operators to homes.

In 2021-2022, the regulatory documentation underwent a number of changes, which should have ensured the formation of necessary and sufficient requirements for regulating the processes of designing and installing outdoor networks and internal telecommunication systems, including requirements in the field of designing and installing fiber-optic communication lines. In 2023. The Ministry of Construction of Russia has planned the development of two new sets of rules (SP): SP "Communication networks. Design rules" and Joint venture "Telecommunication systems of buildings and structures.

Digitalization in construction and housing and communal services is an advanced tool for achieving strategic goals and national objectives. The target orientation of digital transformation measures is the formation and development of a digital life cycle management system for capital construction, urban and housing and communal services facilities that meets modern industry challenges.

However, there are a number of issues that significantly hinder digital transformation. This is the lack of clear, well-developed standards for a minimum set of software solutions that would later work. To date, the house is being created innovative from a technical point of view, but the Management Company cannot manage and operate it, since it lacks neither the budget nor the competencies for this. Import substitution of parts and equipment, which are currently implemented in the MCD, can also become a significant brake. An urgent problem is also the problem of import substitution of the software product itself due to Western sanctions against the Russian Federation.

The modern world constantly presents new and new challenges to all of us. One of them was the sharply aggravated situation in the field of information technology associated with the withdrawal of foreign companies and in-demand IT solutions from the Russian market. Under the circumstances, the issues of import substitution, import conservation and large-scale entry into the market of the Russian Federation of software products and hardware solutions of domestic manufacturers acquire unprecedented relevance until recently.

According to Dom data. In the Russian Federation, only 1 percent of developers use TIM, which significantly increases the efficiency of project implementation at all stages of the life cycle of a capital construction facility. [5] The main problem of switching to TIM arose due to difficulties with the use of imported software.

According to the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, the share of imported software for civil facilities is 50 percent, the industry average is 40 percent. [6] This is a significant volume that requires considerable time for replacement. It is expected that the transition to domestic software will take from 3 to 5 years. However, domestic software still needs to be improved. Although the share of foreign software in information modeling technologies already available to developers does not exceed 40 percent, but this is critical for the industry.

In addition, when developing information technologies and software services, it is necessary to take an inventory of all information systems and services, distribute them by classes, for example: basic, general, corporate, comfort, business, develop basic standards, determine criticality for use, form a portfolio of projects on the replacement of foreign software and its practical implementation. It is important to fully prescribe all processes, functional requirements for systems, scenarios of behavior of future resident users and employees of the Management Company at the stage of the beginning of digitalization work, to create an optimal design structure from the participants: platform solution providers, user interfaces, devices. This will allow you to create really popular and useful services.

In the Sakhalin region, the issue of import substitution and import saving is also relevant. In January 2023. The regional government announced a grant in the form of subsidies for the development of domestic IT solutions aimed at the socio-economic development of the Sakhalin Region, including in the management of the life cycle of capital construction facilities based on information modeling technologies, design and information modeling of construction facilities. [2]

Sakhalin State University will become a pilot Russian university, where an educational program on the information and analytical system "Digital Construction Management" (IAS "CUS") will start. IAS "TSUS" is a cloud platform for monitoring and automation of design and construction of capital facilities, developed by the Russian IT company Osmocode.

The Sakhalin region has not yet faced serious problems with import substitution and maintenance of components, but most likely due to the availability of components in suppliers' warehouses. However, many other regions have already faced the logistics problem.

Construction is one of the key sectors of the Russian economy, so it is critically important that the risks of foreign companies leaving the market do not affect the continuity of the industry. Russian developers offer software products that automate key business processes of construction companies and ensure independence from foreign suppliers. In the current conditions, reliable domestic analogues of foreign solutions for construction are in demand by both state and commercial organizations.

It is necessary to understand that failures in information software will be a setback for the economic development of the country as a whole.

In conclusion, it should be said that solutions are needed to support the replacement of foreign software and the creation of domestic software products by the state. For Russia, new challenges have become new opportunities. And already now it is necessary to think not only about import substitution, but also about the advance in information technologies of foreign manufacturers.

References:

1. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 31.10.2022 N 3268-p <On approval of the Strategy for the Development of the Construction industry and housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2035>. Official Internet portal of legal information: [Electronic resource] — Access mode. — URL: http://pravo.gov.ru, 02.11.2022, "Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation", 07.11.2022, N 45, Article 7815
2. Resolution of the Government of the Sakhalin Region dated January 19, 2023 No. 17 "On approval of the Procedure for Granting Grants in the form of subsidies to Legal Entities (except for state (municipal) institutions), individual entrepreneurs of the Sakhalin Region for the development of domestic IT solutions aimed at the socio-economic development of the Sakhalin Region" — [Electronic resource] — Access mode. — URL: https://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/sahalin/1606467/
3. The list of Russian software for urban development entities in accordance with the data of the unified register of Russian computer software. — [Electronic resource] — 23.03.2023 — Access mode. — URL: https://minstroyrf.gov.ru/docs/143878 /
4. Russian software for Construction Solutions Overview: — [Electronic resource] — Access mode. —  URL: https://www.1cbit.ru/1csoft/rossiyskoe-po-dlya-stroitelstva/?ysclid=lezngwqeev93979923
5. Necessary criteria for successful digitalization of the construction industry — 26.05.2021 — [Electronic resource] — Access mode. —  URL: https://xn--d1aqf.xn--p1ai/media/news/dom-rf-nazval-neobkhodimye-kriterii-uspeshnoy-tsifrovizatsii-stroyotrasli/
6. Is import substitution possible? — 12.08.2022 — [Electronic resource] — Access mode. — URL: https://ria.ru/20220812/minstroy-1807193556.html