TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN KAZAKHSTAN

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the main aspects of technology transfer and its relationship with innovation. The advantages and difficulties of technology transfer are described, as well as the process of technology transfer in Kazakhstan is considered. The importance of creating a favorable innovation environment, developing education and science, supporting small and medium-sized businesses and strengthening international ties in the field of technological development for successful technology transfer in Kazakhstan and strengthening the country's position on the world stage is discussed.

Keywords: technology transfer, innovation, Kazakhstan, economy, favorable innovation environment, development of education and science, support for small and medium-sized businesses, international relations, technological development.

Technology transfer is the process of transferring knowledge, experience and innovation from one organization or country to another. This process includes the transfer of technical knowledge, patents, know-how, production methods and other types of information that can lead to improved quality of products and services and increased business efficiency.

Technology transfer is essential for economic development and progress. It can contribute to improving the standard of living of the population and creating new jobs. [1, p. 12] However, effective technology transfer is a complex process that requires the coordination of interests between various participants and the achievement of certain conditions.

One of the key factors of successful technology transfer is the availability of financing. Most new technologies require investments for research, development, testing and scaling. Lack of funding can lead to a lack of interest from companies or countries, which can slow down technology transfer.

Another important factor is the cultural context and the quality of intercultural communication. In order for technology to be successfully transferred from one country to another, it is necessary to take into account differences in culture and mentality. Companies and governments should be able to establish dialogue and interaction, as well as adapt technology to local conditions and needs.

Technology transfer and innovation have a close relationship with each other. Innovations, in turn, can become the basis for the creation of new technologies, which can then be transferred to other companies or countries. [2, p. 6] Technology transfer can stimulate the innovation process, accelerating the development of new products and services based on existing technologies.

One example of the use of technology transfer to stimulate innovation is the use of open innovation. Open innovation is the process of using ideas and knowledge obtained from the external environment to develop new products and services. It includes cooperation between companies, universities and other organizations that share knowledge and experience, which promotes technology transfer.

Technology transfer can also contribute to the spread of innovative products and services on the global market. Companies that have access to new technologies can create products and services that are highly competitive in the global market. Technology transfer can help these companies expand their business beyond their country and gain access to new markets. [3, p. 36]

However, effective technology transfer requires the availability of qualified personnel who can manage and apply these technologies. Also, it is necessary to take into account differences in culture and mentality in order for the technology to be successfully adopted and adapted to local conditions.

In general, technology transfer is an important factor for stimulating the innovation process. It can help accelerate the development of new products and services, improve their quality and promote their spread on the world market. However, for successful technology transfer, various factors must be taken into account, such as personnel qualifications, cultural differences and mentality, availability of financing, legal and intellectual rights, and intercultural communication. The right approach to technology transfer should take these factors into account and optimize the process according to local needs and conditions.

Kazakhstan, like many other developing countries, is actively engaged in technology transfer in order to accelerate its economic development and reduce dependence on technology imports. Significant efforts have been made in Kazakhstan to create a favorable innovation environment and attract foreign investors and companies.

One of the most important technology transfer initiatives in Kazakhstan is the National Technology Park "Alatau", which was established in 2010 to stimulate innovation in the country. Within the framework of this park, special conditions are provided for the development of technological startups, research activities and technology transfer are supported.

There is also a National Technology Transfer Network Center in Kazakhstan, which unites scientific and technological organizations, innovative companies and entrepreneurs in order to create a favorable environment for technology transfer. Within the framework of this center, events are held for the exchange of knowledge and experience between various organizations and companies, as well as consulting services on technology transfer are provided. [4, p. 21]

In addition, Kazakhstan has a number of programs and tools to support small and medium-sized businesses in the field of technological development, such as grant support programs, business incubators and accelerators.

Despite the fact that Kazakhstan has significant potential for innovation and technological development, in practice, technology transfer still faces some difficulties. [5, p. 9] These include a lack of funding, insufficient private sector participation in innovation, and a low culture of innovation.

To overcome these difficulties, Kazakhstan needs to conduct broader educational programs aimed at improving the skills of specialists in the field of innovation and technological development, as well as create conditions for private sector participation in innovation activities. [6, p. 97] In addition, it is necessary to attract more foreign investors and companies that can bring new technologies and knowledge to the country.

In general, technology transfer in Kazakhstan has great potential for the development of the country's economy and strengthening its position on the world stage. [7, p. 58] To do this, it is necessary to continue working to create a favorable innovation environment, develop education and science, support small and medium-sized businesses and strengthen international ties in the field of technological development.

In conclusion, it can be noted that technology transfer is an important mechanism for increasing innovation activity in the country and promoting economic growth. It allows you to gain access to advanced technologies, increase labor productivity and improve product quality. However, this process is accompanied by a number of difficulties that may limit its effectiveness.

Kazakhstan has the potential to develop technology transfer, but for this it is necessary to conduct broader educational programs aimed at improving the skills of specialists in the field of innovation and technological development, as well as create conditions for private sector participation in innovation. In addition, it is necessary to attract more foreign investors and companies that can bring new technologies and knowledge to the country.

Список литературы:

1. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2019). Technology Transfer. Retrieved from https://www.wipo.int/technology-transfer/en/
2. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2020). Technology and Innovation Report 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? Retrieved from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tir2020_en.pdf
3. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Technology Transfer and Innovation in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/technology-transfer-and-innovation-in-low-and-middle-income-countries_6e524de6-en
4. Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2021). Strategy of Industrial and Innovative Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2025. Retrieved from http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V2100012767
5. Kazakh Invest National Company JSC. (2021). Technology Transfer in Kazakhstan: Opportunities and Challenges. Retrieved from https://invest.gov.kz/media/news/technology-transfer-in-kazakhstan-opportunities-and-challenges/
6. Adilkhanov, A., Mussabayev, N., & Shakhramanov, A. (2018). Analysis of the state of technology transfer in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(2), 879-891.
7. Belyaeva, A., Kalyuzhnova, Y., & Nygaard, C. (2017). Technology transfer and innovation in Kazakhstan: Experience of multinational enterprises. Journal of East-West Business, 23(4), 301-327.