RECYCLING OF ALCOHOL INDUSTRY WASTE

ВТОРИЧНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОТХОДОВ АЛКОГОЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

Хоруженко Иван Сергеевич

студент, Институт отраслевого менеджмента, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

Зубкова Анна Алексеевна

студент, Институт отраслевого менеджмента, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

Овчинникова Евгения Константиновна

студент, Институт отраслевого менеджмента, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

Сухарева Наталья Александровна

научный руководитель, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

ABSTRACT

The problem of preserving water quality is currently one of the most urgent. More than 2.5 thousand pollutants of natural waters are known, which adversely affect the health of the population and leads to the death of fish as well as to the death of the plant world of water bodies. At the same time, not only toxic chemical and oil pollution is dangerous for aquatic ecosystems. The article is addressed to recycling of alcohol industry waste to ensure the environmental safety and environmental protection.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В настоящее время проблема сохранения качества воды является одной из наиболее актуальных. Известно, что существует более 2,5 тысяч загрязняющих веществ природных вод, которые негативно влияют на здоровье населения и приводят к гибели рыбы, а также растительного мира водоемов. В то же время для водных экосистем опасно не только токсичное химическое и нефтяное загрязнение. Статья посвящена переработке отходов алкогольной промышленности для обеспечения экологической безопасности и охраны окружающей среды.

Keywords: alcohol industry, ecology, emissions, wastes, recycling.

Ключевые слова: алкогольная промышленность, экология, выбросы, отходы, вторичное использование.

At present the enterprises of the brewing, alcohol, winemaking and non-alcoholic industries are sources of a significant amount of waste of organic origin, which are a valuable feed product. However, they are quickly decomposing, becoming unsuitable for further use and are disposed of in violation of sanitary and epidemiological requirements. Nowadays the utilization is an acute environmental and, consequently, economic problem in the alcohol industry of Russia aimed at the utilization of waste generated and by-products in the production of ethyl alcohol from grain raw materials. In accordance with the open sources for 2020 we compiled a table of emissions produced by large enterprises of the alcohol industry.

Table No1

Leaders of the sub-sector, 2020 [1]

The alcohol industry is one of the most important branches of the national economic complex of the country. Ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is widely used in various sectors of the national economy, where the food industry is its main consumer.

The survey was conducted to identify volumes of alcohol produced. It has been assumed that up to 95% of alcohol is consumed only for the production of alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is used in the confectionery, perfume industry, in the production of vinegar, as well as medicine and veterinary medicine for the production of medicines. According to the data received, alcohol is consumed in chemical, engineering, automotive and other industries in small quantities.

Picture 1.Volume of alcohol produced

The main type of waste in alcohol production is post-alcohol barda, formed after distillation of brazhka and separation of alcohol and is a suspension consisting of 72% soluble and 28% insoluble (granule) fractions. In terms of the alcohol production, 1 liter of alcohol accounts for 10-15 liters of bards depending on the technology [5].

Table. 2

Production waste [3]

Barda is known to be a waste product of ethyl alcohol production, which looks like a light brown liquid with the smell of grain or other raw materials. On the one hand, the bard is waste that causes environmental pollution. Therefore, it is forbidden to dump the bard into water bodies or into sewers without prior processing. On the other hand, barda, due to the content of fiber, carbohydrates, protein and trace elements, is a secondary raw material resource [5].

It is formed after the distillation of alcohols from brazhka, for the preparation of which cereal grains, potatoes, molasses, fruits and other products containing starch or sugar are used.

Much attention was paid to a double function performed during distillation which:

1. increases the strength of the final product by separating part of the water and preserving the amount of alcohol in the finished product;
2. cleanses it of harmful impurities, allowing you to isolate and discard the most dangerous fractions.

Fusel oil is regarded as a by-product of alcohol production, with a sharp unpleasant odor, from light yellow to red-brown color, which is very harmful to the human body. According to the latest survey they are 19 times more toxic than the alcohol itself.

Recycling methods were analyzed by us and we concluded that, currently, in most distilleries in the world, the above production waste is processed in one way or another. As far as process methods are concerned, they include [4]:

1. Drying of post-alcohol bard or production of fodder yeast on its basis, which are used as feed additives in animal husbandry. As experience shows, the processing of barda into dry feed products ensures the waste-free nature of alcohol production, partially (up to 30%) compensating for the cost of raw materials. Liquid barda is used in construction as a plasticizer of concrete mixtures; it can be used to produce biogas;
2. Cleaning and liquefaction of carbon dioxide or the manufacture of dry ice, which is widely used for cooling packaged products (meat, fish, vegetable), as well as for cleaning machines, parts and forms in the enterprises of the polymer, food and packaging industries, in the automotive industry, in printing and communal services, comes into existence in Russia;
3. In order to obtain higher alcohols (amyl, butyl, propyl) distillation of fusel oils are used in the medical, paint, perfume and food industries.

In our view, the creation of resource-saving technology for the disposal of waste in the alcohol industry will be a significant contribution to preserving natural environment. In addition to that, solid and liquid waste from fermentation plants can be considered as secondary material resources, as they contain protein and mineral substances, carbohydrates and vitamins. Alcohol industry enterprises in Russia need to increase the volume of recycling of waste produced. In future, this will facilitate reducing the volume of raw materials consumed and reduce the impact on the environment. In our opinion, it is also necessary to develop a compensation government program for the recycling producers.

References:

1. ООО "Спиртовой завод "Кемлянский" [электронный ресурс] — Режим доступа. — URL: https://monitoring-esg.ru/esg-analitika/analitika-po-kompaniyam/ooo-spirtovoj-zavod-kemlyanskij/ (дата обращения 06.04.2023)
2. Актуальность проблемы загрязнения водоемов [электронный ресурс] — Режим доступа. — URL: https://kazedu.com/referat/55133/4 (дата обращения: 06.04.2023)
3. Федеральный классификационный каталог отходов [электронный ресурс] — Режим доступа. — URL: http://kod-fkko.ru/spisok-othodov/ (дата обращения 06.04.2023)
4. Классическая технология дистилляции [электронный ресурс] — Режим доступа. — URL: https://cosmogon.ru/school/urok-4/ (дата обращения 06.04.2023)
5. Отходы спиртового и пивоваренного производства (барда и зерно, кормовые дрожжи [электронный ресурс] — Режим доступа. — URL: https://cosmogon.ru/school/urok-4/ (дата обращения 06.04.2023)