METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH IN BIOLOGY WITH UNDERAGE STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE MEDICAL INSTITUTE OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY "BELGOROD STATE UNIVERSITY" ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ON THE INDICES OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF UNDERGRADUATES FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS

ABSTRACT

This article presents the development of a methodology for conducting research work in biology with first-year students of the Medical College of the Medical Institute of the National Research University "BelGU" to assess the impact of physical activity on the indicators of the cardiovascular system, with the study of the dynamics of functional tests. It was found that against the background of a good functional state of the heart's operability, freshmen have certain signs of moderate and severe heart failure, as well as changes in the regenerative abilities of the cardiovascular system after exposure to physical exertion.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье представлена разработка методики проведения научно-исследовательской работы по биологии со студентами первого курса Медицинского колледжа Медицинского института НИУ «БелГУ» по оценке влияния физической нагрузки на показатели сердечно-сосудистой системы, с изучением динамики функциональных проб. Установлено, что на фоне хорошего функционального состояния работоспособности сердца у первокурсников имеются определённые признаки сердечной недостаточности средней и сильной степени тяжести, а также изменения восстановительных способностей сердечно-сосудистой системы после воздействия физической нагрузки.

Keywords: research work, functional tests, heart performance, cardiovascular insufficiency, adolescents.

Ключевые слова: научно-исследовательская работа, функциональные пробы, работоспособность сердца, сердечно-сосудистая недостаточность, подростки.

The relevance of the effect of physical activity on the parameters of the cardiovascular of the students' cardiovascular system is connected with the fact that at the present time diseases of the cardiovascular system are widespread. The level of condition and functional fitness cardiovascular system depends on the health of the whole organism. Evaluate the condition of the cardiovascular system, without using instrumental and laboratory methods of research, you can use the determination cardiovascular system indices against the background of physical activity. Physical activity is the external manifestation of any activity that an individual performs [2]. With increased muscular activity the work of the heart and other organs increases, consequently, the functional capacity of a person [1]. Physical activity should be constant, but the learning process requires long mental work, which reduces physical activity. In the curriculum for college student’s colleges there are physical education classes, but it is worth noting that a large percentage of students miss physical education classes for a number of reasons [3]. Against the background of low physical activity, the general fitness of the body and the state of the cardiovascular system, consequently, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases.

The goal of this research is to evaluate the indices of functional cardiovascular system fitness in underage students of the first-year Medical College of the Medical Institute BelSU, studying on the basis of nine grades.

We formed a group of subjects that included forty first-year students aged fifteen-sixteen years at the Medical College Medical Institute of the National Research University "BelSU". The study of the effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular system parameters was conducted in September 2022 at the Medical College of the Medical Institute of the National Research University "BelSU".

During the study we used the following methods to assess functional fitness of the cardiovascular system: The Ruffier Squat Test, the test "Time of recovery of heart rate (HR) after twenty squats".

The investigated Ruffier's functional test has a wide application in sports practice [4]. This test allows to estimate heart efficiency at physical load. To calculate the Ruffier index after a five-minute calm sitting position sitting you need to count your pulse for fifteen seconds and fix this value (P1). Next, the student should do thirty squats for forty-five seconds and immediately after this activity count the pulse for the first fifteen seconds (P2) and the last fifteen seconds (P3) of the first minute rest period after squats. Assessment of cardiac performance is assessed with the help of the Ruffier index (formula 1):

Results decrypt at:

• Less than 0 – athletic heart;
• 0.1-5 – very good heart;
• 5.1-10 – good heart;
• 10.1-15.0 – moderate degree heart failure; 
• over 15.1 – severe heart failure.

To perform the "Heart Rate Recovery Time after twenty Squats" test, the student should measure the resting heart rate fifteen seconds and then perform twenty squats for thirty seconds. After completing the squats, the heart rate should be measured every thirty seconds of rest until it returns to baseline at rest. The recovery time of the cardiovascular system after physical activity is assessed as follows:

• "excellent" - recovery of heart rate by the end of the first minute;
• "good" - heart rate recovery from one minute to one minute thirty seconds;
• "satisfactory" - heart rate recovery by the end of the second minute;
• "unsatisfactory" - recovery time of heart rate over two minutes.

The study of the effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular system indices vascular system in the first-year students of the Medical College Medical Institute was conducted into two stages.

At the first stage the cardiac performance was evaluated by the Ruffier's test. The results of the evaluation of cardiac performance under physical load by Ruffier index are presented in table 1.

Table 1

Ruffier index results

According to the table, the values of "Athletic heart", "Very good heart", and "Good heart" were 7.5%, 20.0%, and 10.0% for males, and 10.0%, 22.5%, and 5.0% for females, respectively. In total for male and female subjects the value of these indices was 37.5%, which indicates that their cardiovascular system works well enough. Indices characterizing cardiac insufficiency in different degree in male and female subjects were 12.5% each, which is considerably lower than the indices characterizing good work of the cardiovascular system.

At the second stage the estimation of the cardiovascular system's response to its recovery rate after physical exertion was carried out by performing the test "Time of heart rate recovery after twenty squats". The results of this test are presented in Table 2.

Table 2

Recovery time of heart rate after twenty squats

As can be seen from the table, the indexes characterizing excellent and good heart rate recovery time after twenty squats were 12.5% and 15.0% in male subjects and 17.5% and 12.5% respectively in female subjects. In total in male and female subjects the values of these indices were 27.5% and 30.0%, which indicates a rather good condition of the cardiovascular system after physical activity and indirectly indicates a good condition of the heart in general. Indexes characterizing satisfactory and unsatisfactory state of cardiovascular system according to HR recovery after functional test were 22.5% and 20.0% in male and female subjects respectively, which confirms our assumptions about the state of cardiovascular system of the subjects.

Conclusions:

1. As a result of the carried out researches there was established a good state of the indexes of functional fitness of cardiovascular system in underage students of the first year Medical College of the Medical Institute of NRU "BelSU", studying on the basis of nine classes.

2. On the background of good functional condition 17.5% of first-year students (7.5% - male, 10.5% - female) have signs of cardiac insufficiency of medium degree, 7.5% of first year students (5.0% - male, 2.5% - female) have signs of cardiac insufficiency of strong degree and 17,5% of first year students (10.0% - male, 7.5 - female) have unsatisfactory level of recovery of cardiovascular system after physical loads.

References:

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