ECONOMIC PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OMSK REGION

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Зайцева Екатерина Алексеевна

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Башаров Амир Анварович

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Юдина Ирина Ивановна

преподаватель, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

ABSTRACT

The article discusses the economic state of the Omsk region and determines the economic factors of the subject that affect the change in the gross regional product, and proposes an approximate list of measures that will help plan the economic development of the region.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье рассматривается экономическое состояние Омской области и определяются экономические факторы субъекта, влияющие на изменение валового регионального продукта, и предлагается примерный перечень мер, который в дальнейшем поможет планировать экономическое развитие области.

Keywords: gross domestic product, gross regional product, planning, forecasting, industry, development, region, economic situation.

Ключевые слова: валовый внутренний продукт, валовый региональный продукт, планирование, прогнозирование, промышленность, развитие, регион, экономическая ситуация.

The Omsk region is a subject of the Russian Federation, which is located in the south of the West Siberian Plain in the middle reaches of the Irtysh. The economy of the Omsk region is a specialized system that includes various areas of production, such as industrial and agro-industrial complexes, agriculture, and trade.

In 2020, the volume of the gross regional product in the Omsk region amounted to approximately 775.9 billion rubles. The indicator of gross regional product decreased by 1.2 percent compared to 2019.

Let's determine the various shares of the structure of the gross regional product of the Omsk region, which are included in the region's economy:

1. 36.1 percent is occupied by industrial production

2. 10.3 percent - real estate transactions

3. Wholesale and retail trade takes 10.2 percent

4. Agriculture - 8 percent

5. Transportation and storage - 6.6 percent

Gross regional product in the Omsk region in the period from 2017 to 2020 increased by 63,749 million rubles. Let us list the factors that influenced this change in different areas of industry:

1. Manufacturing industries. Chemistry and petrochemistry, oil refining, food production, mechanical engineering. The Omsk region is one of the five regions of the Russian Federation that have a high share of manufacturing in the gross regional product. The operating enterprises of the Omsk region are the Poljot Production Association, the Transport Engineering Plant, the Oil Refinery, the Omsky Mineral Water Bottling Plant

2. Agriculture. The Omsk region is a region that is developed by agricultural crops, it has a huge agro-industrial complex throughout the country. The region exceeds the level of domestic consumption in the country. The level of self-sufficiency of the Omsk region, according to estimates, in 2019 for meat and meat products was 109 percent, milk and dairy products - 115.6 percent, grain - 187.3 percent, potatoes - 72.2 percent, vegetables - 60.9 percent

3. Trading activity. In the Omsk region, 11.9 thousand retail facilities are operating - 7.3 thousand stores, 2.1 thousand pavilions, 1.3 thousand tents and kiosks. A significant share of retail facilities is located in the city of Omsk - 8.1 thousand units. Trade turnover in the Omsk region increased by 341 million US dollars in 2019.

The share of the employed population in the total number of the Omsk region in the period from 2017 to 2020 practically did not change. Let us consider the factors that influenced this fact:

1. Unemployment. According to the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Omsk Region, Minister of Labor and Social Development Vladimir Kupriyanov, in general, the level of registered unemployment has increased by 2.4 times compared to the same period in 2019. At the same time, he stressed that the surge in the number of calls to the employment center during the pandemic is associated not only with the loss of a job, but also with a simplified procedure for obtaining unemployed status and an increase in the maximum amount of benefits. The minister clarified that after March 1, 2019, a little more than 8.5 thousand people lost their jobs;

2. Migration. In 2020, 51,274 people left the Omsk region, and only 40,901 came to live. According to Rosstat, the migration loss of the population amounted to 10,373 people (table 1).

Table 1.

Migration rates in the Omsk region

In order to improve the socio-economic situation in the Omsk region, the Government of the region issued an order in which they indicated forecasts for the coming years:

- It is planned to implement investment projects (creation of certain industries that are import-substituting). It can be any petrochemistry, mainly small-tonnage, mechanical engineering and the military-industrial complex;

- It is planned to diversify this military-industrial complex, modernize production and scientific and technical processes;

- It is assumed that by 2030 the amount of investments in fixed assets will increase three times, the production of agricultural products will increase by 38 percent, and the size of manufacturing industries will increase by 42 percent.

In order to create a comfortable level of living for the Omsk population, it is planned to study the area of ​​the former Omsk - Central airport (after the opening of the Omsk - Fedorovka airport), where it is planned to build up the private sector with high-rise buildings, due to which the introduction of housing can increase 3 times compared to 2020 year.

In the Omsk region, about 280 state and municipal services can be obtained in special organizations, but not all residents can access them: 75.3 percent of residents in electronic format and 94.6 percent when visiting in person. But in the coming years, it is planned to make more optimized options for the provision of state and municipal services for all Omsk residents.

According to the forecast, the gross regional product should grow by 172 billion rubles by 2024 compared to 2021. In the Omsk region, industry makes up the bulk of the gross regional product, and it largely affects the final number.

At the moment, approximately 26 percent of the main funds of the Omsk region and approximately 22% of the population are engaged in and work in manufacturing. The main trends in the Omsk industry are machine building, mining and oil refining, metal processing, energy, and so on.

For fifty years in the Omsk region, the federal state unitary enterprise "Production Association Polet" has been the basis of mechanical engineering. It is considered one of the largest complexes of the Russian Federation, which are engaged in mechanical engineering. This enterprise specializes in such production as aviation technology and rocket and space technology. It was established in 1941, has been constantly developing and it is currently rapidly carrying out its activities, constantly increasing production volumes.

The manufacture of equipment for the military and defense-industrial complex takes place at the Omsk plant, which was formerly called the Design Bureau of Transport Engineering, it was established in 1896, and in the 20th century in 1924, the production of tank equipment began at it.

Over the past 10 years, funding for the road sector has increased 7 times, and the length of roads built and repaired - 4 times. By 2030, 85 percent of the roads within the urban agglomeration will have to comply with the standards. In the Omsk region, it is also planned to stimulate the transfer of transport to alternative fuels - natural gas and electricity, to use the metro infrastructure to launch high-speed modes of transport.

However, in the Omsk region there is a demographic problem with the population.

There is a reduction in the number of residents in the region, over the next ten years it may decrease by 130 thousand people. For one year, from 2010 to 2011, the Omsk region lost 119 thousand people. If the state plans to reduce the mortality rate of the population by increasing the availability of medical care, then, as stated in the strategy for improving the socio-economic situation in the Omsk region, it is necessary to improve the sphere of parenthood and motherhood, as well as housing affordability, which can change the trajectory of fertility for the better. No radical measures are proposed in the strategy to correct the migration situation.

To improve the predicted results, it is possible to determine the necessary list of measures for the development of the region, which in the coming years will contribute to the planning of the economic sector:

1. Export development - expansion of the sales market for goods that will help ensure stable sales and diversification of production (expansion of the range of products and reorientation of sales markets, development of new types of production in order to increase production efficiency, obtain economic benefits, and prevent bankruptcy)

2. Development of competitiveness - expansion of factors of production, natural resources, as well as the creation of new types of products and industries;

3. Development of transport - creation of an effective tool for managing the integrated development of the Central Transport Hub

4. The development of mining - the extraction of any building materials, metal ore and coal. There are problems with the environment in the Omsk region, that is why the region uses the most environmentally friendly method of mining, which has little effect on the soil

The expected results of the development of the economic situation in the Omsk region are an incentive for the development of the manufacturing sector; growth of gross regional product; opportunities to replenish the state treasury; gaining a reputation as a reliable partner; addressing climate change issues; increase in the length of the transport network.

In conclusion, it should be said that the Omsk region has every opportunity to improve the economic situation in the subject and the indicators of the gross regional product. We have proposed an indicative list of measures that will help the region to improve the planning and development of all economic indicators.

References:

1. On the implementation of priority national projects in the city of Omsk / Administration of the city of Omsk, Siberian Diversified Institute of the Innovative Eurasian University, New Eurasia Foundation. - 2013. - 79 p.
2. Omsk. Top 100 companies: [catalogue]. - Omsk. 2013. - 122 p. - Special execution of the information and business magazine "Maximum"; No. 1 (87) 2013;
3. Filippova M. G. Analysis of the current state and development of Russian industry during the implementation of the federal cluster policy [Text] / M. G. Filippova // Young scientist. - 2013. - No. 11. - 495-500 p.
4. The Charter (Basic Law) of the Omsk Region (adopted by the Legislative Assembly of the Omsk Region on December 26, 1995) // Omsk Bulletin of December 27, 1995 No. 249 p.
5. Omsk province - Portal of the Government of the Omsk region [Electronic resource] // URL: omskportal.ru;
6. Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Omsk Region [Electronic resource] // URL: omsk.grs.ru.