THE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ВЛИЯНИЕ САНКЦИЙ НА РАЗВИТИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

Игнатьева Алёна Владиславовна

студент, кафедра информационных систем, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

Кулагин Андрей Андреевич

студент, кафедра информационных систем, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

Неретина Оксана Андреевна

студент, кафедра информационных систем, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

Сухарева Наталья Александровна

научный руководитель, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков, Государственный университет управления,

РФ, г. Москва

ABSTRACT

This article dwells on the consequences of sanctions against the Russian Federation for organizations in the field of information technology. The opportunities of Russian IT-business development were considered. The impact of sanctions on IT-specialists was focused on. The measures for information technology sphere were concentrated on.

Keywords: sanctions; information technology; IT specialists; import substitution.

The unprecedented and extensive Western sanctions applied in 2014-2022 against the Russian Federation in connection with the incorporation of Crimea into Russia and the conduct of a special military operation against Ukraine are a serious blow to the Russian economy.

One of the most suffered economy sector form sanctions against Russian Federation is IT-market, which strongly depends on foreign technologies, software and equipment. At the same time IT-market is one of the most important Russian economy sectors with the business under government control.

Against the background of restrictive political and economic measures major equipment suppliers and software developers, such as Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, Autodesk, Avast, ESET, Acronis, EPAM Systems, Cisco, VMware, as well as Intel and AMD, have left or suspended their activities in the domestic market.

The fact of the harsh and aggressive departure of many foreign companies was not only a shock. It created many difficulties due to the deficit caused by certain high-tech products and services, but at the same time it served as a powerful impulse for the intensive development of the import substitution process in all sectors of the economy, including the IT sector, which experts predict will occupy a significant amount of GDP (gross domestic product). The economic effect of the IT import substitution is estimated by experts at 470 billion rubles. [1].

The state strategic line on the complete restructuring of the IT industry, the package of measures adopted by the country's leadership to support the IT industry and national specialists in this field and a great potential of Russian developers, will certainly contribute to the stabilization and development of the Russian information technology market in the current conditions of sanctions pressure. The process of phasing out foreign software, launched in Russia at the state level since 2015, has shown that the Russian IT industry is ready for the challenges of the current economic situation and the gradual replacement of imported software with Russian analogues.

In certain niches in recent years, national software products and solutions have already competed successfully with foreign ones, gradually displacing them. [2].

Good examples of successful import substitution of IT products are:

- operating systems — ROSA Linux, Astra Linux, ALT, RED OS;

- office software products — "My Office", "P7-Office", designed specially for completely replacing Microsoft products and solution to all the tasks of office routine;

- database management systems — Postgres Pro, LINTER, RED Database.

Russian IT developments are worthy competitors to Leading world producers. For example, Telegram messenger is currently one of the most downloaded mobile applications in the world [3, 4, 5]. More than that, there are programs aimed at face recognition NtechLab, VisionLab and Tevian. They are developed by Russian companies and helps find lost people and criminals.

NtechLab, VisionLab and Tevian are implemented in the Moscow metro functioning. These software products regularly win various international IT competitions. As an example, at the global Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT), the Russian company NtechLab took first place at the competition held in 2021, setting several records both in speed and accuracy of its software products, beating over 100 different facial recognition algorithms developed by teams from Israel, China, USA and other countries. [6]

Such Russian manufacturers of anti-virus information protection tools as Kaspersky Lab and Doctor Web are able to compete with foreign manufacturers of software products for IT security. The rating of Kaspersky AntiVirus and Dr.Web antiviruses is one of the highest among analogues. The state online antivirus service "National Multiscanner", launched in Russia, which is a national analogue of the American VirusTotal, also deserves attention.

Russian automatic design systems (ADS) have also proven themselves, including:

- Renga. According to experts, Renga is a BIM system and is designed for integrated engineering in construction. The created information model is easily integrated into «1С»-company solutions and is applied throughout the life cycle of the construction object. [7]

- nanoCAD. Russian universal ADS platform nanoCAD gives an opportunity to create and edit construction drawings, design various products, engage in 3D modeling, develop digital terrain models, design documentation, and perform a lot of other tasks. nanoCAD can quite easily functionally replace popular Western ADS solutions, including AutoCAD.

Russian cloud storages "Yandex.Disk", "Cloud Mail.ru", "SberDisk", "Second Memory", "Mega Disk", "Beeline Cloud" are in demand for data storage. The functionality of these cloud services allows you to compete with the functionality of Western cloud storage, including Google Disk, iCloud, OneDrive.

Russian software products and solutions mentioned above, as well as many others, indicate that national IT products, services and solutions represent real competition to foreign analogues and that the Russian IT sector is capable of taking high positions in the ratings of the leading countries of the global innovation system and becoming one of the most dynamically developing segments of the world economy in the conditions of the sanctions applied.

The advantage of Russia's transition to its own IT developments lies neither in providing the security of the state, a serious breakthrough in the development of IT solutions, liquidation the technological dependence of the country, and in the economic benefits of using domestic information technologies.

Despite the fact that the switch to domestic software is an expensive event, due to many technological, organizational and financial difficulties on the way of import substitution in the IT sphere, strategically this transition will bring benefits.

There are main economy benefits:

- opening new companies;

- adding vacancies;

- russian software market development in every sector;

- export growth;

- cutting taxing costs;

- cutting costs of using national software and program services.

On the one hand, the western IT-companies departing caused by sanctions brought a lot of difficulties for Russian companies. On the other hand, it gave favorable conditions for rapid Russian high-tech sphere development. IT-sector must be changed. Moreover, it should be efficient instrument for Russian economic recovery.

References:

1. Electronic resource. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:История_импортозамещения_на_российском_рынке_ИТ_Экспертный_взгляд  (date of application: 20.04.2022).
2. Electronic resource. URL: https://reestr.digital.gov.ru/ (date of application: 22.04.2022).
3. Electronic resource. URL: https://habr.com/en/news/t/541512/  (date of application: 22.04.2022).
4. Electronic resource. URL: https://corp.megafon.ru/press/news/federalnye_novosti/20220321-1047.html (date of application: 22.04.2022).
5. Electronic resource. URL: https://whatsapp-vk.ru/na-kakom-meste-v-mire-po-populyarnosti-messendzher-telegram-v-2022-godu/ (date of application: 22.04.2022).
6. Electronic resource. URL: https://sanktpeterburg.bezformata.com/listnews/raspoznavaniya-litc-ot-ntechlab/94126976/ (date of application: 23.04.2022).
7. Electronic resource. URL: http://proekt.by/obshie_voprosi_byuro_gipov-b58.0/renga_architecture_voshla_v_spisok_bim_programm_minstroiyarhitekturi_rb-t50174.0.html (date of application: 23.04.2022).