COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HEART RATE, SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BP IN ADOLESCENTS

In our time, an urgent problem that requires close attention is the study of the functional state of the cardiovascular system of children in adolescence. It is in this age period that intensive changes in the entire cardiovascular system occur, characterized by advanced morphological rearrangements of the heart, large vessels and microcirculation [1].

As you know, the endocrine system plays an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system of adolescents. For example, the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland and the level of sex hormones contribute to the correct evolution of the heart. The endocrine factor also affects the magnitude of blood pressure. So, with an increase in the level of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the blood, a spasm of precapillaries is noted, and during puberty, an increase in peripheral resistance and, accordingly, blood pressure [4].

A feature of the work of the cardiovascular system in adolescents is a temporary violation of its nervous regulation. This is due to the restructuring of the activity of the endocrine and nervous systems and is expressed by a heart rhythm disorder, an increase or decrease in the heart rate. Deep changes occurring in the cardiovascular system increase the risk of vegetovascular dystonia and adolescent hypertension. This must be taken into account when determining the school load of adolescents [2].

The aim of our work was to compare the indicators of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adolescents.

We formed 3 groups of subjects:

Group 1 - girls and boys 13 years old,

Group 2 - girls and boys 14 years old,

Group 3 - girls and boys 15 years old.

A total of 75 subjects were examined, 25 people in each group.

The following indicators were studied in the work: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure [3].

The obtained data were processed using descriptive statistics. Significance of differences was determined by Student's t-test.

The results of studying the indicators of heart rate, SBP and DBP in adolescents are presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

Indicators of heart rate, SBP and DBP

Note: * - significance of differences compared to group 1 according to Student's t-test (p<0.05).

As can be seen from the table, in the girls of the second group, the indicator characterizing the length of the body was 9.20% (p<0.05) lower compared to the subjects from the first group.

In girls from the Belgorod region, the indicator characterizing body weight was 16.14% (p<0.05) lower compared to the subjects from Belgorod.

In girls of the second group, compared with the subjects from the first group, the indicator characterizing the circumference of the chest was 1.29% higher.

 For girls from the Belgorod region, the indicator characterizing static balancing was 14.14% higher compared with the subjects from Belgorod.

The studied morphofunctional features of rural and urban adolescents were compared with WHO data. As a result of the analysis, it follows that the indicators of rural schoolchildren are within the normal range, and the data of urban students are above the average. Thus, rural teenagers are harmoniously developing individuals living in an environmentally safe environment.

Conclusions:

1. In girls from the Belgorod region, the indicators characterizing the length and weight of the body are 9.20% and 16.14%, respectively, lower compared to the subjects from the city of Belgorod.

2. In boys from the Belgorod region, the indicators of length and body weight are 10.26% and 36.67% lower compared to the subjects from Belgorod.

References:

1. Akinina D.V., Prisny A.A. FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE CITY OF BELGOROD // Fundamental Research. – 2004. – No. 2. – P. 113-114; URL: http://www.fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=3833 (date of access: 06.02.2022).
2. Usloltseva, T.A. Features of clinical and functional parameters in adolescents with different levels of blood pressure [Electronic resource]: / T.A. Usoltseva, O.M. Polikutina // Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. – 2014. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-kliniko-funktsionalnyh parametrov-u-podrostkov-s-razlichnym-urovnem-arterialnogo-davleniya (date of access: 06.02.2022).
3. Pogrebnyak T.A. Workshop on age-related anatomy and physiology: Teaching aid / T.A. Pogrebnyak, S.D. Chernyavskikh, M.Yu. Skorkin. Belgorod: BelGU Publishing House. 2009. 114 p.
4. Savisko, A.A. Features of the development of the cardiovascular system in adolescents 12-17 years old [Electronic resource] / A.A. Savisko, S.G. Goncharov // Journal of Fundamental Medicine and Biology. – 2015. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-razvitiya-serdechno-sosudistoy-sistemy-u-podrostkov-12-17-let-goroda-rostova-na-donu (date of access: 06.02.2022).