THE LEXEME "BUSH" AS AN OBJECT OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL EXPERTISE.

ABSTRACT

This article examines the vocabulary of the New Zealand version of the English language. The vocabulary presented in the article is classified into thematic groups. Next, the structural and semantic features of the studied vocabulary are highlighted and synonymic series are identified. Examples of lexical units in the New Zealand version of the English language are verified by a number of linguistic and cultural dictionaries.

Keywords: bush, systematization, lexical unit, the structural and semantic features, suffixes

English is the official language of Great Britain, the United States of America, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Each national language has distinctive, officially established lexical, grammatical and phonetic modifications. In this regard, the existence of American, Australian, New Zealand and Canadian Englishmen is quite likely.

In the process of learning English as a multi-national language used by a certain number of national units, the analysis of the entire system of the existence of the language, starting from the literary language to its dialect, is of increased interest. Today, the need for theoretical and practical research of the language, serious development of the culture of the native people is increasing, due to the development of economic, educational, humanitarian, political and cultural interrelations of society. Relying on the popular principle: "one language is one nation", when carrying out intercultural interaction, we repeatedly encounter linguistic and cultural conflicts when two or more nations operate with a national language that is linguistically, i.e. from the point of view of the essence of its structure, is one. But, at the same time, they reject some special linguistic units, due to the divergence of the systems of representations, norms and values of the contacting linguistic cultures [2]. Recognition of the parity of some variations of one language sets the conditions for the level of national culture of speech corresponding to the unified task of the language organization of the countries in which the English language is popularized. Consider in this article the lexical unit Bush in modern English.

The purpose of this article is a linguistic and cultural interpretation of the lexical unit «Bush» in the New Zealand version of the English language. Research methods: semantics of a lexical unit «Bush» and its derivatives, interpretation, statistical method.

No matter how great the influence of the English literary language on the speech of New Zealanders, it cannot slow down the process of new use of well-known English words. One of these formations is the word «The bush». With all the variations, in the national primary variant implemented by the word «Bush», the common core is predominant. Translated from English, the lexical unit «Bush» means "large expanses of uncultivated land in Australia and New Zealand, overgrown with shrubs or trees up to 10-12 m tall", as well as "a natural forest filled with local trees", or "a plant with a large number of small branches growing directly from the ground or from a rigid stem, giving the plant a rounded shape" [1, 4, 5]. Over time, this word has contributed to the formation of a number of specific New Zealand lexical units. Let's analyze some of them:

bushfighting – wars with Maori; bushlayer – creeping forest bramble, which caused a lot of trouble when clearing forest areas; bushsickness – the name of one of the diseases of cattle; bushwarbler,bushhawk, bushwren – breeds of New Zealand forest birds; bush band – an ensemble performing Australian folk music; bush bashing – laying a path through a forest or thicket of bushes; bush burn – burning of the forest; bushcraft – the ability to travel and live in the bush with a minimum of equipment and without anyone's help; bushmanship – the ability to survive in the wild; bushwhack – the ability to live in the bush, the skills necessary for living in the bush; bushman’s saw – steel handle saw with large teeth;  bush-farm – a farm built on a plot cleared of forest; bush-sick – poor, meager; bushwhacked – exhausted, very tired; confused, confused, surprised; bush-siddy – a worker in a forest clearing, along which tree trunks are transported to a sawmill; bush boss – head of logging operations in the bush; bush brother – a priest; busher – a person engaged in clearing the forest of undergrowth, dead wood, fallen leaves, etc.; bush-faller (bushfeller) – woodcutter;  bushman – logger; bush-pilot – pilot of a small plane; bushwhacker – a person clearing plots of land from bush thickets [1];  bush-whacker – cutter for clearing thickets of bushes [8].

In this group of vocabulary, it is necessary to highlight words and phrases related to the names of:

• professions: bush-siddy, bush  boss, bush  brother,      busher,       bush-faller (bushfeller), bushman, bush-pilot, bushwhacker;
• activities: bushwhack; bushcraft, bushmanship, bushcaft, bush bashing; bushburn;
• breeds of New Zealand forest birds: bushwarbler,bushhawk, bushwren;
• tools: a bushman's saw; and also to the history of New Zealand: bushfighting.

We will briefly draw the following conclusions. The structural and semantic features of the studied vocabulary include words and phrases with suffixes: -er, -ness, -ing, -ship. In addition, the following structures were identified: n: bush, n+n: bushman, n’n, n’s n: bushman's saw, n-n: bush-pilot, n-adj: bush-sick, n-v: bush burn. At the same time, synonymous rows were noted: bushman, bush-faller, bushfeller. Some words suggest different spelling: bush-faller, bushfeller. 26 lexical units were considered in the article. Considering the above, it can be concluded that for successful intercultural interaction, it becomes relevant to clarify the functioning of the English vocabulary in New Zealand.

References:

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