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Статья опубликована в рамках: XXXII Международной научно-практической конференции «Вопросы технических и физико-математических наук в свете современных исследований» (Россия, г. Новосибирск, 21 октября 2020 г.)

Наука: Технические науки

Секция: Химическая техника и технология

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Библиографическое описание:
Abdullayeva М.Ya. DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PARAMETERS ESTER FOR PULSE CAPACITORS // Вопросы технических и физико-математических наук в свете современных исследований: сб. ст. по матер. XXXII междунар. науч.-практ. конф. № 10(25). – Новосибирск: СибАК, 2020. – С. 30-36.
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DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PARAMETERS ESTER FOR PULSE CAPACITORS

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ CЛОЖНОГО ЭФИРА ДЛЯ ИМПУЛЬСНЫХ КОНДЕНСАТОРОВ

 

Aбдуллаева Мая Ядигар

канд. хим. наук доц., кафедра нефтехимической технологии и промышленной экологии Азербайджанский государственный университет нефти и промышленности,

 Азербайджан, г. Баку

 

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to determining the optimal parameters of the first stage of obtaining an ester called AZINEFTEKHIM-10 (acetoxymethyl-sec. hexyl-o-xylene) alkylation of o-xylene with hexene as an impregnating substance for capacitors. The optimal parameters for the synthesis of secondary hexyl-o-xylene were found on the basis of the constructed regression model of the process. In the regression model of the process obtained by us, optimization was carried out and the optimal parameters were found. Based on the developed mathematical model, a program was compiled to solve the optimization problem by the Gauss-Seidel method.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Статья посвящена определению оптимальных параметров первой стадии получения сложного эфира получившего название АЗИНЕФТЕХИМ-10 (ацетоксиметил-втор.гексил-о-ксилола) алкилирование о-ксилола с гексеном как с пропитывающегося вещество для конденсаторов. Оптимальные параметры синтеза втор.гексил-о-ксилола найде­ны на основе построенной регрессионной модели процесса. В полученной нами регрессионной модели процесса проведена оптимизация и найдены оптималь­ные параметры. На основе разработанной математической модели была состав­лена программа для решения задачи оптимизации методом Гаусса-Зейделя.

 

Keywords: capacitors, secondary hexyl-o-xylene, dielectric liquid, method of planning experiments, mathematical model.

Ключевые слова: конденсаторы, втор.гексил-о-ксилол, диэлектри­ческая жидкость, метод планирования экспериментов, математическая модель.

 

It is known that in power and pulse capacitors in all countries of the world, mainly natural castor oil is used as an impregnating agent. However, the limitation of natural castor oil causes an urgent need to obtain synthetic substitutes, which is an urgent problem in the electrical industry. The development of a substitute for natural castor oil, which is a universal impregnating liquid in capacitors, is a pressing problem in the electrical industry [1, 2].

Due to the widespread rejection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are environmentally hazardous compounds, in favor of castor oil in electrical engineering, AZINEFTEKHIM-10 was synthesized, which is of interest as a potential substitute for castor oil.  

The process of obtaining AZINEFTEKHIM-10 consists of three stages: alkylation, chloromethylation, and acetoxylation [3].

For alkylation, a catalyst complex AlCl3 · CH3NO2 was used, which exhibits high selectivity.

Table 1 shows the material balances of the processes of alkylation of o-xylene with hexene-1 in the presence of various catalysts. The highest selectivity with respect to the target product is observed when using catalysts AlCl3 · CH3NO2, the conversion of olefin is 100%. The reaction, in the presence of a solution of aluminum chloride in nitromethane, is quite selective for alkyl-o-xylene, and the formation of a significant amount of dealkylation and polyalkylation products at various conversions of olefin was not observed.Методами математической статистики указанные процессы оптимизиро­ваны по параметрам [4-8].

In this work, using the method of planning experiments [9], studies are given on the synthesis of the first stage of the ester of sec. Hexyl-o-xylene as a feedstock for an impregnating substance in order to construct a regression mathematical model based on its optimization. Based on numerous experiments carried out by us, the main input and output parameters of the process under study were determined.

Table 1.

Material balance of the process of alkylation of o-xylene with hexene-1 in the presence of various catalysts

Raw materials, products,

indicators

Catalyst

H2SO4

AlCl3

AlCl3·CH3NO2

AlCl3·HCl

Taken

1

o-xylene, g

318

318

318

318

2

hexene-1, g

42

42

42

42

3

aluminum - chloride, g

-

10

-

6,7

4

H2SO4 92%, g

12,5

-

-

-

5

nitromethane, g

-

-

28

-

 

Total, g

372,5

370

398

366,7

 

 

Received

6

o-xylene, g

258

271

275

282,8

7

hexene-1, g

-

-

-

-

8

aluminum - chloride, g

-

7,2

9,1

5,2

9

H2SO4 92%, g

5,4

-

-

-

10

nitromethane, g

-

-

26

-

11

sec.hexyl-o-xylene, g

64

57

82

71,25

12

poly-alkyl-o-xylenes, g

21,3

28,8

2,4

6,2

13

losses, g

23,7

6,0

3,5

2,0

14

Total, g

372,5

370

398

366,7

15

Olefin conversion, wt%

100

100

100

100

16

Selectivity,%

masses.

67,4

56,8

86,2

75

17

Temperature, оС

20

25

50

50

18

o-xylene: hexene-1, mole

6

6

6

6

19

catalyst: hexene-1, mole

0,20

0,15

0,15

0,15

20

reaction time, hour

6,0

4,0

3,0

2,0

 

The main output parameter of the process is the output of the second hexyl-o-xylolene-Yi. The factors influencing the output parameters of the process are X1 - process temperature, Х2 - reaction time, Х3- amount of catalyst. Table 2 shows the main levels of factors and the limits of their changes.

Table 2.

The main levels of factors and the limits of their changes

Names

 

Natural values of factors values of factors

Х1

Х2

Х3

Main level

50

2

0,15:0,45

Limits of change

2

0,1

0,01

Lower limit of change

40

1

0,2:0,5

Upper change limit

60

3

0,1:0,4

 

To study the alkylation reaction of o-xylene with hexene-1 in the presence of the AICI3·CH3NO2 catalyst by the method of planning experiments, the so-called rotatable design was used. In the study on a laboratory installation, a planning matrix was drawn up and experiments were carried out according to a rotational plan, the results of which are shown in Table 3.

The dependence of each output parameter of the Ytheor  - process on the output factors X j (j = 1,3) is presented in the following polynomial form:

                      (1)

where Х1 - process factors, b - estimates of the coefficients of the regression equations, characterizing the linear and interaction effects.

We using the well-known formula determined the coefficients of the regression equations

 

where are the coefficients of the equations (Yi); N is the total number of experiments performed; Xi - coded and natural values of the main regression factors:

b0 =83.253, b1 =0.020, b2 = -1.50, b3 =0.210, b12 = - 0.0025, b13 =0.061,

b23 = - 0.730, b123 = - 0.021, b11 = - 0.00018, b22 = 0.017, b = - 4.60 

Based on the calculation carried out by formula (2), the following regression equation was obtained:

                        (3)

Urther, a statistical analysis of the obtained regression equation (3) was carried out:

a) Experimental errors;

b) The significance of the coefficients of the regression equations (3);

c) the adequacy of model (3) to the process under study.

Experimental errors are determined by the formula:

k - y opt.  )2 = 0,00483                        (4)

wherek  - is the average value of parallel experiments; m- is the number of parallel experiments.

Practical yield Yprc is presented in Table 3.

Table 3.

 Planning of experiments for the production of alkyl-sec.xylene by alkylation of o-xylene with hexene-1 in the presence of the catalyst AICI3 ·CH3 NO2

Х0

Coded values

Natural values

Ytheor.

Yprac.

Х1

Х2

Х3

Х1

Х2

Х3

1

+1

+1

+1

+1

60

3

0,1:0,4

56,1

57,2

2

+1

-1

+1

+1

40

3

0,1:0,4

59,8

60,5

3

+1

+1

-1

+1

60

1

0,1:0,4

62,4

65,4

4

+1

-1

-1

+1

40

3

0,1:0,4

70,2

71,25

5

+1

+1

+1

-1

60

3

0,2:0,5

69,7

70,1

6

+1

-1

+1

-1

40

3

0,2:0,5

63,5

65,7

7

+1

+1

-1

-1

60

1

0,2:0,5

64,7

66,2

8

+1

-1

-1

-1

40

1

0,2:0,5

69,4

70,5

9

+1

+1,215

0

0

72,9

2

0,15:0,45

70,3

71,8

10

+1

-1,215

0

0

38,8

2

0,15:0,45

70,7

71,2

11

+1

0

+1,215

0

50

3,6

0,15:0,45

71,9

72,27

12

+1

0

-1,215

0

50

1,4

0,15:0,45

72,7

73,3

13

+1

0

0

+1,215

50

2

0,24:0,61

83,0

82,1

14

+1

0

0

-1,215

50

2

0,096:0,30

82,8

83,4

15

+1

0

0

0

50

2

0,15:0,45

81,1

80,6

 

The regression equation takes the following form:

         (5)

Coefficients b1 and b123 are insignificant.  To check the adequacy of the compiled mathematical model to the process under study, it remains to calculate the variance of the adequacy.

As a result, according to the formula (5) of the process under study, according to the Fisher criterion Sres2 = 0.32, we obtain:

F  = Sres2 q / Sоp2 = 1,14 / 0,32 = 3,56

If   p = 0,05, f1  = 1, f 2 =3, F1- p (1,3) = 10,10, then : FF1- p ( f1 , f 2 ) ,

then -3,56<10,1.

Hence, we can conclude that the compiled mathematical model of the process of alkylation of o-xylene with hexene-1 with the proposed catalyst adequately describes the process under study.

On the basis of the developed mathematical model, a program was drawn up for solving the optimization problem by the Gauss-Seidel method.

As a result of solving the problem, the optimal operating conditions for the production of alkylate were found, as well as the conditions under which the optimal alkylation regime is achieved. The maximum output parameters turned out to be equal to 83.016%, and the values of the parameters that ensure the optimum of this condition are as follows:- maximum output: Yout  = 83,016

- process temperature, оС:  Z1 = 50,8

- reaction time, ч: Z2 = 2

- amount of catalyst AICI 3 CH3 NO2 , г: Z3  = 0,24 : 0,61

Thus, the compiled mathematical model of the first stage of the process of obtaining AZINEFTEKHIM-10 by alkylation of o-xylene with hexene-1 in the presence of the catalyst AICI3·CH3NO2, expressed by the system of regression equations (3), adequately describes the process under study.

As a result of solving the problem, the optimal operating conditions for the course of the alkylation process, for obtaining second. hexyl-o-xylene, as well as the conditions under which the maximum output mode of the process of alkylation of o-xylene with hexane-1 is achieved, was found.

CONCLUSIONS

In the presented article, the following conclusions were made: the optimal parameters for obtaining a synthetic substitute for natural castor oil were studied and the optimal conditions for constructing a regressive mathematical model of the first stage of a three-stage process were found.

The experiments have shown that the found optimal regime fully confirms the reliability of the results obtained.

 

References:

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  3. Syntesis of the ekologically clean liquid dielectric of the highvoltage capacitive storages for pulsed energy sources/ Sixth National Congress of Chemical Engineering, Izmir, September 7-10, 2004. KT-26
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  5. Akhnazarova S.L., Kafarov V.I. Optimization of the experiment in chemistry and chemical technology // M., 2004. № 1. P. 41-42.
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