FEATURES OF SEVASTOPOL'S SELF-GOVERNMENT AS A CITY OF FEDERAL SIGNIFICANCE

ОСОБЕННОСТИ САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ СЕВАСТОПОЛЯ КАК ГОРОДА ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ЗНАЧЕНИЯ

Вшивцев Кирилл Викторович

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Вшивцев Данила Викторович

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет

РФ, г. Москва

Юдина Ирина Ивановна

преподаватель, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

ABSTRACT

This article examines the peculiarities of Sevastopol self-government as a city of federal significance, it describes the strategy of socio-economic development of the city until 2030.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности самоуправления Севастополя, как города федерального значения, описывается стратегия социально-экономического развития города до 2030 года.

Keywords: Sevastopol, a city of federal significance, local self-government, territorial public self-government, socio-economic development strategy.

Ключевые слова: Севастополь, город федерального значения, местное самоуправление, территориальное общественное самоуправление, стратегия социально-экономического развития.

The definition of the city of Sevastopol as a separate subject of the Russian Federation creates, on the one hand, a positive dynamic, which reflects the geopolitical significance of the city for the country, and on the other hand, a negative dynamic is created, which manifests various problems associated with the implementation of local self-government within a small city, which is characterized by a fairly active population.

At the moment, there is a problem of the legislative framework for the implementation of local self-government in the subject. This problem lies in such issues as disagreements in the self-government of the territory and in the performance of state functions assigned to the subject represented by the city of federal significance.

Local self-government in the territories of the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on local self-government, taking into account the specifics established for the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol.In practice, the subjects of the Russian Federation most often transfer powers to local governments in the field of:

- state registration of acts of civil status

- licensing the retail sale of alcoholic products Licensing activities for the procurement, processing and sale of non-ferrous and ferrous scrap

- social support of the population, guardianship and guardianship

- formation and organization of the activities of administrative commissions, as well as commissions for minors in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, etc.

The process of implementation by local governments of certain state powers can be divided into four stages:

- empowering local governments with separate state powers with the simultaneous transfer of state material and financial resources necessary for their implementation

- implementation by local governments of the received state powers

- state control over the execution by local governments of transferred state powers

- termination of execution by local self-government bodies of certain state powers

The federal law on local self-government makes it possible to develop the initiative of residents of intracity municipalities. However, the city of Sevastopol is experiencing difficulties in defining the meaning of local self-government and its functionality.

Of all the three Russian cities of federal importance, the powers of the intracity districts of Sevastopol are the most minimal.Some Sevastopol residents are not satisfied with the entrenched state of affairs, given the fact that the transition from the jurisdiction of Ukraine to Russia was carried out, among other things, thanks to the active position of the townspeople.

Let us list the features of local self-government in Russia:

- local self-government is closest to the population and is organically connected with it, it lives by its interests and concerns

- local self-government links the state and civil society, acts as a form of civil society control over the state

Since local self-government is closest to the population of the subject, the most significant issues of the population of the city of Sevastopol are resolved through local self-government.

Sevastopol also needs to define its mission, formulated and enshrined in the "Strategy of socio-economic development". But even the most ideal "Strategy" will not be successful without the acceptance of this mission by the townspeople, without their involvement in its implementation. And for this, they must see their real opportunities in solving urban issues, especially given the compactness and relatively small population of the subject. Moreover, the people of Sevastopol, who courageously defended their city in more than one war, traditionally have an active civic position, which they demonstrated in the 2014 referendum. This is confirmed by the fact that 928 public organizations are officially registered in the city with a population of 443,000 people.

If we talk about Sevastopol, then we should say about the heavy land and legal legacy, the need for reforms of the urban economy and infrastructure, the need to concentrate efforts on solving key tasks within the framework of a single strategy, which does not go well with a fragmented management structure.

According to the results of determining the urban environment quality index, according to the estimates of the Government of the Russian Federation in 2019, the city of Sevastopol in the rating of large cities of the Russian Federation in terms of the quality of the urban environment was in 60th place with an index of 160.The assessment took into account 36 indicators that characterize housing, the road network, landscaping, public business and social and leisure infrastructure, as well as the city space. The proportion of the population living in emergency housing, the number of deaths in road accidents, road congestion, the state of green spaces, the concentration of cultural heritage sites, the availability of sports facilities, and the proportion of children among the population were also estimated. The index methodology says that the Ministry of Construction used its own data, information from Rosstat, Rospotrebnadzor, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, cartographic, geographic systems, as well as information from social networks.

The study conducted by the Government of the city of Sevastopol in August 2016, in order to determine the effectiveness of the activities of executive authorities and local self-government, in order to assess the state of interethnic relations in the federal city of Sevastopol, was the opinion of citizens about their satisfaction with various aspects of life, the activities of executive authorities and local self-government, as well as the state of interethnic relations in the region. During the study, 1200 respondents were interviewed in ten municipalities of the city of Sevastopol.

Based on the results of the assessment by the population of the activities of executive authorities in certain areas, it was noted that citizens are not satisfied to some extent with the quality of medical care - 81 percent, general education - 41 percent, the quality of preschool education - 31 percent, additional education - 30 percent, current the state of affairs in the field of culture - 45 percent, the conditions for physical culture and sports, physical culture and sports - 46 percent, the quality of housing and communal services - 62 percent. At the same time, some Sevastopol residents note positive changes that require long-term implementation.

With regard to the assessment of the activities of local governments, it should be noted that the majority of Sevastopol residents living within the boundaries of urban development are poorly informed about the activities of municipalities (Leninsky, Gagarinsky, Nakhimovsky, Balaklavsky districts, the city of Inkerman in the Crimea). In rural areas, on the contrary, residents are quite well aware of the activities of municipalities and public-territorial self-government.

In addition, the study showed that, in general, in the city of Sevastopol, about half of its residents do not turn to the deputies of their municipalities, relying only on their own strength, and one third of the city's residents simply do not know about this possibility.

It is worth noting that for cities of federal significance, the creation of an effective system of territorial public self-government is of great importance. The solution of many problems in the sphere of life support of the population becomes more efficient and cost-effective when people are connected by common interests, thanks to the territory of joint residence, and know each other: this is the improvement of territories, and the provision of assistance to the elderly, and the organization of leisure and employment of children and adolescents, holding courtyard holidays and sports competitions, protecting the rights and interests of residents, and much more.Since the specifics of city-subjects complicate the formation of local communities on the territory of intra-city municipalities, special attention should be paid to the development of territorial public self-government.

The authorities of Sevastopol understand (or, in any case, declare it) that territorial public self-government will be able to solve a large number of socially significant issues of the life of the city, but at the same time they point out a number of objective and subjective problems that hinder the development of the system of territorial public self-government, namely:

- insufficient activity of the population in the exercise of rights in the field of self-government

- lack of a clear mechanism for the interaction of territorial public self-government with local self-government bodies

- insufficiency of material and technical support of territorial public self-government

In conclusion, it should be said that the events of past years have shown that the interests of the individual, the conditions for human development, and improving the quality of life of people should be at the center of the local self-government system. The political, social and economic situation in the federal city of Sevastopol now provides a unique chance to give local government real opportunities to strengthen the political, administrative, financial and economic independence of local communities, to improve the efficiency and quality of services provided, aimed at comprehensive human development.

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