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Статья опубликована в рамках: Научного журнала «Студенческий» № 39(209)

Рубрика журнала: Технические науки

Секция: Архитектура, Строительство

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Библиографическое описание:
Komissarova O., Grishina V., Yudina I.I. INNOVATIVE MODULAR CONSTRUCTION // Студенческий: электрон. научн. журн. 2022. № 39(209). URL: https://sibac.info/journal/student/209/271391 (дата обращения: 28.03.2024).

INNOVATIVE MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

Komissarova Olga

student, National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering,

Russia, Moscow

Grishina Veronika

student, National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering,

Russia, Moscow

Yudina Irina Ivanovna

lecturer, National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering,

Russia, Moscow

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ МОДУЛЬНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО

 

Комиссарова Ольга Сергеевна

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Гришина Вероника Романовна

студент, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

Юдина Ирина Ивановна

преподаватель, Национальный Исследовательский Московский Государственный Строительный Университет,

РФ, г. Москва

 

ABSTRACT

This article discusses such a type of innovation in construction as modular buildings. The description of the modular construction technology is given, the distinctive characteristics of this technology are indicated. The analysis and comparison modular construction with typical capital construction is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the future development of this trend in construction.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В этой статье рассмотрен такой тип инновации в строительстве, как модульные здания. Приведено описание модульной технологии строительства, обозначены отличительные характеристики данной технологии. Проведен анализ и сравнение модульного строительства с типовым капитальным строительством. Сделаны выводы о будущем развитии данного тренда в строительстве.

 

Keywords: modular construction, innovative construction, standard construction, technology, environmental friendliness.

Ключевые слова: модульное строительство, инновационное строительство, типовое строительство, технология, экологичность.

 

Nowadays, both in Russia and in other countries, there is a problem of inaccessibility of housing for citizens. This is due to the fact that the construction of multi-storey residential buildings is carried out in a fairly long time, and they have a high cost for both developers and residents. Not so long ago, the most optimal solution to this problem was found - prefabricated and affordable housing. Such a solution is modular construction technology that allows you to quickly develop and modernize remote regions. In many countries of the world, residential buildings and entire neighborhoods are built from ready-made components. Modular construction is a technology that simplifies the process of erecting buildings and structures, and allows them to be erected many times faster. The blocks from which this or that structure is being built perform different functions. Each of these blocks represents a specific room: a living room, a bathroom, and a bedroom. At the moment, about 5-10 percent of buildings around the world are made in the technique of modular construction. It is possible to build administrative and household complexes, schools, medical institutions, shops from the blocks. Modular structures are also suitable for opening workshops, laboratories, and boiler rooms in them.

 

Picture 1. Modular school

 

The leading countries in which the technology of modular construction is actively used include:

  • North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)
  • Europe (Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Turkey, etc.)
  • Asia-Pacific region (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia and Vietnam)
  • South America (Brazil, etc.)
  • Middle East and Africa (Egypt and countries The Persian Gulf)

According to research by specialists of the Global Construction Market, it is expected that within two to three years the global modular construction market will demonstrate significant growth rates. Particularly rapid application of this technology can be observed in developing countries such as China and India. The new laws and regulations of various countries will also contribute to the further expansion of the modular construction market. But despite this, such obstacles as the lack of professional workers for the assembly of modular structures and problems associated with the transportation of modules will stand in the way of the active use of modular construction. The roots of modular construction go back to 1837. It was at this time that the first building made in this technique was erected in the UK. The method was widely used in the 50-60 years of the 20th century in the USA.

 

Picture 2. The first building in the modular construction technique. Great Britain, 1837

 

Let's take a closer look at the design of a modular house. The basis of a modular house is a metal frame, sheathed inside with boards, and outside with any available material. Thermal insulation material is located between them, since these houses provide for any weather conditions-even the most severe. Many companies use mineral or eco-cotton wool for the "intermediate" layer. Sheets of galvanized metal act as a roof in such houses. The design is calculated so that each component part can withstand the harshest natural conditions, the device of the modules provides for reliable fastening among themselves. Thanks to modular construction, residents of the area in which the construction of an innovative structure is planned cannot worry about the round-the-clock sounds of construction, because the modules are manufactured at the factory, and in the future they are simply put together. Modular buildings are in no way inferior to those buildings that were built using classical technology. Modular buildings include insulated sections of Cross-Laminated Timber plates, so in such a building you are provided with a comfortable stay all year round.

 

Picture 3. Cross-Laminated Timber plates

 

The service life of such a structure is more than 50 years. Another important advantage of modular construction is its environmental friendliness. This method practically eliminates the possibility of accidents on construction sites, the appearance of waste after construction.

In Russia, this technology was first used quite recently (in the early 2000s), and it is still gaining popularity due to its advantages. In addition to energy intensity, environmental friendliness, and low cost, modular construction has the following advantages:

• A huge variety of materials used for both interior and exterior decoration

• Stylish and concise appearance

• Minimum costs of equipment and workers for the construction of the structure

• Durability

• The ability to "supplement" your place of living with an additional module after an unlimited amount of time.

The positive characteristics of modular construction include the strength of the structures being built, since each module is designed in a certain way. The enterprises manufacturing the modules have quality control of the manufactured products, perform their work in strictly prescribed terms.

 

Picture 4. The structure of the double house

 

It is not for nothing that modular construction in the West is called "construction in a tough economy" - with minimal production costs, with the highest quality, with environmentally friendly and reliable result. Based on the estimates of experts, this direction will soon replace classical construction and will bring good income to the developer.

Let us consider this perspective of modular construction on the example of one of the companies following this trend, the DoublDom company (Russia).

 

Picture 5. Double House

 

This company was founded in Russia in 2011 by the successful architect Ivan Ovchinnikov. He was interested in the idea of modular construction while participating in foreign conferences, and then he began to develop his first DoublDom. Ivan decided to be the first to test his development, and that idea turned out to be successful. Six months later, having improved his project, he launched its production. Now the production of his modular houses exists in Russia and abroad.

Here are examples of modular construction in other countries:

To solve the problem of housing shortage in London, the city allocated $ 32 million in 2017 for the construction of modular apartments with affordable value. Already in 2021, 1,059 apartments were built according to this plan. In Canada, the City of Toronto also announced a city development plan aimed at building 250 modular residential units. The company Horizon North (Canada), which recently participated in the construction of similar facilities in Vancouver, will help with the implementation of the plan. New York is turning into a place for some of the most ambitious modular hotels in the world. For example, the 26-storey AC Marriott Hotel was opened in Manhattan in 2020 (Marriott International is an international hotel chain management company headquartered in the USA).

 

Picture 6. The 26-storey AC Marriott Hotel

 

Here are some examples of modular construction in Russia:

Modular construction is not something new for the domestic industry. Back in Soviet times, factory housing construction was widely known, which produced well-known standard panels, which became the precursors of modules.

 

Picture 7. Modular construction in the USSR

 

Alexey Efanov, Engineering Director at SRG Group of Companies (Russia) describes the practice of such construction in the world, as well as in Russia. He gives the impressive examples, and even concerning Russia. For example, the already mentioned Mariott brand has already opened 31 low-rise modular hotels since the launch of its development initiative in North America in 2011. Currently, this is the largest hotel chain in the USA. They have developed modular analogues of their concepts of the Courtyard, Fairfield, SpringHill Suites and TownePlace Suites brands. Another major hotel business operator is Accor the largest international hotel operator. The company Accor (founded in 1967), including the Ibis hotel chain, has developed a different concept of two-storey modular Flying Nest hotels from sea containers for unique places. The Mariott brand, the largest hotel chain in the USA, together with Knauf, has established in Russia the production of modules for hotels up to nine floors high. In Russia, the construction of modular individual residential and other buildings is now focused around solutions based on three-dimensional blocks of wood.

In conclusion, it should be noted that modular construction is a method that is not inferior in any way, and even on the contrary, surpasses the classical technologies of designing residential buildings. Based on the above positive aspects, this technology, has great prospects for active use in the future.

 

References:

  1. Asaul A. N., Kazakov Yu. N., Bykov V. L., Knyazev I. P., Erofeev. Theory and practice of the use of prefabricated buildings — St. Petersburg, "Humanistics", 2004. – 472 p.
  2. Building. Construction methods: modular [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.building.co.uk/data/construction-methods modular/5094760.article
  3. Bulgakov S. N. Technological innovations in the investment and construction complex. M., 1998, 547 p.
  4. Metabolism in architecture. Nakagin Capsule Tower [Electronic resource]. URL: http://okinawajapan.ru/japanexclusive/japanese_architecture
  5. Modular architecture of the future. A start has been made [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ardexpert.ru
  6. Habitat-67 residential complex [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.mirkrasiv.ru/articles/zhiloi-kompleks-habitat-67-vzgljad-v-budusche-iz-proshlogo.html
  7. Verzhbovsky G. B., Kolesova E. V. Light-framed metal-wood buildings // Online journal "Science Studies" No. 3. 2012.

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