AN OVERVIEW ESSAY ABOUT THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS AND WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO ANY BUSINESS

ABSTRACT

In a time governed by variables and the machine takes its pride of place in the total necessities and luxuries of our life. So it is considered an urgent need that we cannot letting go or live without it, and a hallmark of our Stone Age until the age steam machine to this computer age coming to us from the depth of our need to a helper and assistant in every corner of our scientific life and practical ones. The mind stands lost and perplexed, thinking in employing the laws of life and harnessing them for his service or he tuned himself with it to achieve a major goal, which is his comfort.

Introduction to Computer science:

The idea of the computer is not modern, but as old as the human need for a helper and assistant performing math, so the person used his fingers to count his things, like sheep that he takes care of, and when the number of fingers on the hands is no longer sufficiently, the human need to count by pebbles, put them in a pouch and paired them each pebble is in his pouch with one of his sheep, if he is counting his sheep, for example, and so on. With the development of life, the human began thinking about the invention of a machine that would help in carrying out his calculations and works. The need to perform mathematical operations was the first nucleus of the invention the computer that we see today is hovering at the top of humanity's creativity.

The computer is an electronic device performs arithmetic and logical operations on a set of data, processing it and producing results (information) that we can benefit from in our lives. So, the primary function of a computer is to perform arithmetic and logic operations, and all work the computer do is ultimately returns to mathematical and logical operations. But what we mean by arithmetic operations? And what we mean by logical operations? And what are data and what is the information and what is the difference between them? Aren't two names for the same thing? Aren`t we combine data about people and things, and we put them into the computer to give us the results we want

Below we will learn about some of the terms used in computer science and the difference between them.

What is the difference between data and information? We often hear people say that we collect information or enter information into the computer. If we are entering information to it, what is the size of the benefit from it then? There is a big difference between saying data and information From a computer point of view. What is the data?

Data is a collection of facts and observations that are collected from a specific statistical community and entered into the computer for processing and outputting results.

examples:

Student's noun,date of birth, place of birth, marks, the number of his siblings, entry date into school, employee number, basic salary, amount of salary.

If the main goal of the computer is to perform mathematical operations, as previously mentioned. We ask ourselves if a person cannot, using paper and pen, do his calculations without a computer? Does the computer have other functions? And what areas the computer can help us with it?

Let's start with the answer on these questions, by poses a simple question: How much a person who is skilled in arithmetic will need to calculate an arithmetic problem for us, as if we say to him 8654 x 7678?

Maybe we say that it needs half a minute or a minute, and we do not forget that a minute is about sixty seconds, and did you know that the fastest computers in the world reached the speed that he could performing) one thousand million million) calculations per a one second. Can't we say that the existence of a computer gives us a great benefit with a performing our calculations quickly? What distinguishes a computer from human its tremendous speed, extreme accuracy, and can work for long periods Without fatigue, boredom, or exhaustion, it can also be used for different tasks, it is in the airport, the infirmary, the archive, the police station, the banks, the Managers and coordinators' offices.

History of The computer:

as we said before, the idea of ​​the computer is as old as mankind, as it was the first method of calculation human used it with his fingers, then pebbles, and then with the development and complexity of his life it was a goal to develop his methods and techniques to suit the requirements of the times in which he lives and against this astonishing acceleration in human life had to be matched by a parallel acceleration in evolution the idea of ​​the computer and the tendency to highlight it as one of the most important factors that help the progress of humanity.

Third-generation computers:

The computers of this generation began to appear from 1961  AD to 1969, and it was during this period the use of integrated circuits in their manufacture and an increase in memory capacity, as it was smaller than the second generation computers and increased significantly in its Velocity, as it now measured in nanoseconds  (1 000 000 000 of a second). In this generation, the heat generated by computers became less Far from the second generation computers, and one of the most important features of this generation of computers is also the emergence of microcomputers, and the development of operating systems.

Fourth-generation computers:

Continued giving, searching and becomes more flourish in this generation that began in 1970 and it wrote his successor to another generation in 1990 . In this generation) Fourth-generation computers) in which semiconductor technology was used. And in it, the speed of computers becomes more than previous generations, and the most important achievement is the emergence of Personal and home computers that are easy to carry and move which gave an opportunity for a larger segment of people to take advantage of the computer, as it has spread in this generation (OPERATING SYSTEMS).

Fifth-generation computers:

And remains a person searches in the lines of memory for what comfort him and satisfies a craving for survival, speed, advancement, modernization and excellence. And here it is dating for the fifth-generation of Computers, aspire through the computer to understand the spoken input to address it with the tongue And that the computer can distinguish the graphics. That it is the generation of artificial intelligence. The human is still aspires to get the computer to a point where he can even not to talk, when programs have begun to typing and executing commands without the need for a mouse or keyboard. And the development of computers is continuing.

Who invented the computer? As we reviewed earlier, speaking of the history of computers, we see that the computer was not invented by a person rather, it is the result of the continuous joint efforts of a huge number of scholars and interested parties they lived in different places and different times.

References:

1. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
2. http://www.rastem-vmeste.com/child_science/395/