UNEMPLOYMENT OF THE YOUTH IN THE ROSTOV OB-LAST

БЕЗРАБОТИЦА СРЕДИ МОЛОДЁЖИ В РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Озова Екатерина Зауровна

студент, факультет управление, Южно-Российский институт управления - филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации при Президенте РФ,

РФ, г. Ростов-на-Дону

Мартыненко Татьяна Васильевна

научный руководитель, д-р. экон. наук, проф., Южно-Российский институт управления - филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации при Президенте РФ,

РФ, г. Ростов-на-Дону

Митусова Ольга Анатольевна

научный руководитель, канд. пед. наук, проф., Южно-Российский институт управления - филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации при Президенте РФ,

РФ, г. Ростов-на-Дону

ABSTRACT

This article addresses the problem of youth unemployment. The relevance of this problem and methods for solving it by state bodies are shown. The causes of its occurrence and ways to overcome it are analyzed. The article talks about the possible consequences of youth unemployment, as well as the activities of educational institutions to overcome this problem.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье рассматривается проблема безработицы среди молодежи. Показана актуальность данной проблемы и методы решения ее государственными органами. Проанализированы причины ее возникновения и пути преодоления. В статье говорится о возможных последствиях безработицы среди молодежи, а также о деятельности учебных заведений для преодоления данной проблемы.

Keywords: unemployment, youth, labor market, employment, Rostov oblast, salary, market economy, experience, career guidance, mentoring.

Ключевые слова: безработица, молодёжь, рынок труда, занятость, Ростовская область, заработная плата, рыночная экономика, опыт, профориентация, наставничество.

Unemployment is a market situation in which part of the able-bodied population who wants to work cannot find a job. Unemployment is an integral part of a market economy, therefore, in states that have chosen this type of economy for themselves this problem is one of the most acute. And although government bodies are developing and implementing various projects to reduce the number of unemployed, there are still a huge number of them, so the state takes care of these people and provides them with all kinds of help.

The problem of unemployment is especially acute among young people, since such a social group has such features as a high level of social mobility, an active search for its place in the world, as well as career prospects. Youth unemployment has its own regional specifics, so in this article I want to consider the features of youth unemployment in the Rostov oblast.

The total number of unemployed people in the Rostov oblast is growing every year. In 2019, 46247 people were recognized as unemployed, while in 2018 - 40158 people. [1]. At the same time, young people aged 16 to 30 [2] are largely unemployed. In particular, the share of unemployed among graduates of high schools and secondary vocational institutions is high. In 2019, 241 young people applied to the employment services of the Rostov Region, 222 of them were employed. [3].

These statistics indicate that people who graduate from higher educational institutions often face employment problems, even with a high level of knowledge and the required qualifications. [4]. Most often, employers justify their reluctance to accept the younger generation in certain positions by the lack of experience and certain skills in this profession. In addition, young people are offered a minimum wage, which is also a factor that significantly reduces their motivation and desire to invest in their work. [5].

Summarizing the above, the causes of youth unemployment include [6]:

• passive attitude towards the work of young people themselves;
• the desire of enterprises to preserve production, and not to expand it, is the desire to preserve old personnel, and not to train new ones;
• Inconsistency of knowledge of young people who have just completed their studies with real practice;
• Inadequacy of remuneration to professional skills of youth;
• lack of experience in young people.

Taking all this into account, the government is actively assisting youth with job search. Such measures include:

1. Conducting vocational guidance lectures for schoolchildren and students in order to provide information on professions and how much they are in demand in different regions of the Russian Federation. In the Rostov Region, in 2019, many career guidance projects and meetings were held. One of them is the regional day of career guidance for youth "Make your choice", about 60 thousand students and half a thousand employers became participants in this project.
2. Holding job fairs. This measure is one of the most effective, because employers and young people meet in person. During the fair, they discuss the most significant aspects regarding a particular profession, as well as interested young people can personally communicate with those people who have already achieved success in their field of activity. This is a good motivation and incentive for the younger generation. So, in May 2019, the Rostov Region Employment Employment Service held a regional job fair for young people “Your work is the concern of the state!” The job fair was attended by over 6 thousand people and 92 employers of the city of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov oblast, who offered more than 1,200 vacancies. [1]. This fair turned out to be one of the most effective forms of promoting youth employment.
3. Providing opportunities in organizing small businesses. As you know, youth is the most active part of society with great entrepreneurial potential. As studies have shown, young people believe that small business is necessary for the economy of the Rostov region, many of them even plan to open their own business, and only a few have already become entrepreneurs. However, not all young people manage to direct their potential in the right direction. Sometimes young people themselves choose a passive position for fear of failure, but most often they lack financial resources and certain skills and knowledge in order to realize their ideas in life[7].

Therefore, the government of the Rostov region organizes various programs in order to help young people find information about which areas of entrepreneurship are most profitable in the future, assist young people in building a business plan and organizing their startup, find investors, and provide the necessary information about the benefits provided by the state. All this plays an important role in overcoming youth unemployment, because with the advent of small business in the region there will be more jobs for young people.

4. Organization of mentoring. The purpose of mentoring is to help the young specialist gain the specific skills needed in his profession. In 2019, 128 people were employed in the Rostov region under the guidance of mentors.
5. Temporary employment. This event is also aimed at giving a young specialist who is looking for work for the first time and has secondary vocational education, experience in his field. In 2019, 200 people aged 18 to 20 years were temporarily employed.

Also, the government should more closely monitor how training is carried out by universities and other professional institutions. And universities and colleges that aim to produce competitive, highly qualified specialists should:

• constantly improve the level of teaching;
• focus on the changing demand for a particular specialty;
• identify trends in the labor market and predict which professions will be most and least in demand in the future;
• introduce more practical exercises into the educational process;
• establish contacts with employers;
• provide employment for graduates.

However, despite this list of government measures, the problem of high youth unemployment still remains relevant in the Rostov oblast, and this in turn can lead to increased crime. Lack of money often leads young people to search for illegal income, drug addiction, housing and socialization problems, and addiction to gadgets and the Internet. All these consequences are fatal not only for the youth themselves, but also for the entire population and, as a consequence, for the economy: labor productivity is falling, crime and unemployment are rising, and social tension is growing.

Therefore, it is so important to steer the younger generation in the right direction, to encourage hard work and determination among children and youth. The state should take care of its young citizens and do everything in order to make highly qualified specialists in the future. Only in this case, Russia will receive worthy successors who will develop the country and increase its economic potential.

References:

1. Состояние и динамика развития сферы занятости населения Ростовской области по итогам 2019 года [Электронный ресурс]: — Режим доступа: Официальный портал Правительства Ростовской области.
2. Якименко М.В., Жертовская Е.В., Егорова О.И. Обзор современного состояния и тенденций развития рынка труда регионов (на примере Ростовской области) // Электронный научно-технический журнал «Современные научные исследования и инновации»
3. Оказание содействия молодежи в успешном начале трудового пути [Электронный ресурс]: — Режим доступа: Государственная служба занятости населения Ростовской области.
4. Статова Н.Н. Безработица и ее состояние в Ростовской области / Н.Н. Статова // READera
5. Горелова Е. Безработных среди молодежи в России в 5 раз больше, чем среди 30-40-летних // Ведомости, 2015г.
6. Макаров, В. В. Безработица молодежи как социальная проблема / В. В. Макаров. — Текст : непосредственный // Молодой ученый. — 2017. — № 47 (181). — С. 190-192. — URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/181/46727/ (дата обращения: 16.05.2020).
7. Шапошников Н. Е. Молодежь и малый бизнес // «Экономика и социум» №12(43) 2017. URL https://readera.org/molodezh-i-malyj-biznes-140235165